{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:46:10Z","timestamp":1772163970042,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":32,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]],"date-time":"2006-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1167473.1167507","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,16]],"date-time":"2007-01-16T20:15:56Z","timestamp":1168978556000},"page":"397-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Understanding the shape of Java software"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Gareth","family":"Baxter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Frean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rickerby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Hayden","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Hayden","family":"Melton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Ewan","family":"Tempero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Linked: the New Science of Networks","author":"Barabasi A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"A. Barabasi . Linked: the New Science of Networks . Perseus Press , New York , 2002 .]] A. Barabasi. Linked: the New Science of Networks. Perseus Press, New York, 2002.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359423.359427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646156.679838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Human factors in computer systems","author":"Ehrlich K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"K. Ehrlich and E. Soloway . Human factors in computer systems , chapter An empirical investigation of the tacit plan knowledge in programming, pages 113 -- 133 . Ablex Publishing Corp ., Norwood, NJ, USA, 1984 .]] K. Ehrlich and E. Soloway. Human factors in computer systems, chapter An empirical investigation of the tacit plan knowledge in programming, pages 113--133. Ablex Publishing Corp., Norwood, NJ, USA, 1984.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Software Metrics: A Rigorous & Practical Approach","author":"Fenton N. E.","year":"1997","unstructured":"N. E. Fenton and S. L. Pfleeger . Software Metrics: A Rigorous & Practical Approach . PWS Publishing Company , second edition, 1997 .]] N. E. Fenton and S. L. Pfleeger. Software Metrics: A Rigorous & Practical Approach. PWS Publishing Company, second edition, 1997.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/602382.602397"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software","author":"Gamma E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"E. Gamma , R. Helm , R. Johnson , and J. Vlissides . Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software . Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series. Addison-Wesley , 1995 .]] E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series. Addison-Wesley, 1995.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1094811.1094819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"The Java (tm) Language Specification","author":"Gosling J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"J. Gosling , B. Joy , G. Steele , and G. Bracha . The Java (tm) Language Specification . Addison-Wesley , 2000 .]] J. Gosling, B. Joy, G. Steele, and G. Bracha. The Java (tm) Language Specification. Addison-Wesley, 2000.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/504282.504300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/773126.773141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139524773"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Inc.","author":"Jones C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"C. Jones . Programming productivity. McGraw-Hill , Inc. , New York, NY, USA , 1986 .]] C. Jones. Programming productivity. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 1986.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"An empirical study of FORTRAN programs. Software - Practice and Experience, 1(2):105--133","author":"Knuth D. E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"D. E. Knuth . An empirical study of FORTRAN programs. Software - Practice and Experience, 1(2):105--133 , 1971 .]] D. E. Knuth. An empirical study of FORTRAN programs. Software - Practice and Experience, 1(2):105--133, 1971.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction","author":"Kruchten P.","year":"2000","unstructured":"P. Kruchten . The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction , Second Edition. Addison-Wesley , United States of America, 2000 .]] P. Kruchten. The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley, United States of America, 2000.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100510050276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Twenty-Ninth Australasian Computer Science Conference","author":"Melton H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"H. Melton and E. Tempero . Identifying refactoring opportunities by identifying dependency cycles. In V. Estivill-Castro and G. Dobbie, editors , Twenty-Ninth Australasian Computer Science Conference , Hobart, Tasmania, Australia , Jan. 2006 . Proceedings published as \"Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Vol. 48\".]] H. Melton and E. Tempero. Identifying refactoring opportunities by identifying dependency cycles. In V. Estivill-Castro and G. Dobbie, editors, Twenty-Ninth Australasian Computer Science Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, Jan. 2006. Proceedings published as \"Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology, Vol. 48\".]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00107510500052444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"CRPITS '01: Australian symposium on Information visualisation","author":"Noble J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"J. Noble and R. Biddle . Visualising 1,051 visual programs module choice and layout in the nord modular patch language . In CRPITS '01: Australian symposium on Information visualisation , pages 121 -- 127 , Darlinghurst, Australia, Australia , 2001 . Australian Computer Society, Inc.]] J. Noble and R. Biddle. Visualising 1,051 visual programs module choice and layout in the nord modular patch language. In CRPITS '01: Australian symposium on Information visualisation, pages 121--127, Darlinghurst, Australia, Australia, 2001. Australian Computer Society, Inc.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Software Visualization","author":"Noble J.","year":"2003","unstructured":"J. Noble and R. Biddle . Software Visualization , chapter Visual Program Visualisation. Kluwer , 2003 .]] J. Noble and R. Biddle. Software Visualization, chapter Visual Program Visualisation. Kluwer, 2003.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Unified Modeling Language (UML ) 1.5 specification","author":"Object Management Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"Object Management Group . Unified Modeling Language (UML ) 1.5 specification , 2004 .]] Object Management Group. Unified Modeling Language (UML ) 1.5 specification, 2004.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.v16:7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060710.1060716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/857076.857090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.10055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming","author":"Szyperski C.","year":"1998","unstructured":"C. Szyperski . Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming . Addison-Wesley , 1998 .]] C. Szyperski. Component Software: Beyond Object-Oriented Programming. Addison-Wesley, 1998.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2002-00248-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","first-page":"044","article-title":"Hierarchical small-worlds in software architecture. Under review","volume":"03","author":"Valverde S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"S. Valverde and R. V. Sol\u00e9 . Hierarchical small-worlds in software architecture. Under review , IEEE Transactions in Software Engineering. An earlier versino is available as Sante Fe Institute Working Paper 03-07 - 044 , 2005 .]] S. Valverde and R. V. Sol\u00e9. Hierarchical small-worlds in software architecture. Under review, IEEE Transactions in Software Engineering. An earlier versino is available as Sante Fe Institute Working Paper 03-07-044, 2005.]]","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions in Software Engineering. An earlier versino is available as Sante Fe Institute Working Paper"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","first-page":"293","volume-title":"ASME Journal Of Applied Mechanics","author":"Weibull W.","year":"1951","unstructured":"W. Weibull . A statistical distribution function of wide applicability . ASME Journal Of Applied Mechanics , pages 293 -- 297 , Sept. 1951 .]] W. Weibull. A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. ASME Journal Of Applied Mechanics, pages 293--297, Sept. 1951.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"The Psychology of Computer Programming","author":"Weinberg G. M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"G. M. Weinberg . The Psychology of Computer Programming . John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , New York, NY, USA , 1985 .]] G. M. Weinberg. The Psychology of Computer Programming. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 1985.]]"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SCAM.2003.1238030"}],"event":{"name":"OOPSLA06: ACM SIGPLAN Object Oriented Programming Systems and Applications Conference","location":"Portland Oregon USA","acronym":"OOPSLA06","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages","ACM Association for Computing Machinery"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1167473.1167507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1167473.1167507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:08:15Z","timestamp":1750248495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1167473.1167507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1167473.1167507","10.1145\/1167473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1167473.1167507","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/1167515.1167507","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-10-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}