{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T19:58:13Z","timestamp":1773172693789,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":47,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,4]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1180875.1180928","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,16]],"date-time":"2007-01-16T20:15:56Z","timestamp":1168978556000},"page":"343-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Structures that work"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Pamela","family":"Hinds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}]},{"given":"Cathleen","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola Marymount University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.10.6.741"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Managing the Flow of Technology","author":"Allen T.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Allen , T. Managing the Flow of Technology . MIT Press , Cambridge, MA , 1977 . Allen, T. Managing the Flow of Technology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1977."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Managing distances and differences in geographically distributed work groups","author":"Armstrong D. J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Armstrong , D. J. and Cole , P . Managing distances and differences in geographically distributed work groups . In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA, 2002 , 167--186. Armstrong, D. J. and Cole, P. Managing distances and differences in geographically distributed work groups. In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002, 167--186."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.4.596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.25.020174.002055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The Policy Sciences","author":"Bavelas A.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Bavelas , A. Communication patterns in task-oriented groups . In D. Lerner and H. D. Lasswell (Eds.), The Policy Sciences . Stanford University Press , Stanford, CA , 1951 , 193--202. Bavelas, A. Communication patterns in task-oriented groups. In D. Lerner and H. D. Lasswell (Eds.), The Policy Sciences. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 1951, 193--202."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"The Management of Innovation","author":"Burns T.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Burns , T. and Stalker , G. M . The Management of Innovation . Tavistock , London , 1961 . Burns, T. and Stalker, G. M. The Management of Innovation. Tavistock, London, 1961."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639702300303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/228943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.12.3.346.10098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Attribution in distributed work groups","author":"Cramton C. D.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cramton , C. D. Attribution in distributed work groups . In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA, 2002 , 191--212 Cramton, C. D. Attribution in distributed work groups. In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002, 191--212"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-3085(04)26006-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Meeting of the Academy of Management","author":"Cummings J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cummings , J. and O'Leary , M. The spatial, temporal, and configurational characteristics of geographic dispersion in work teams . Presented at the Meeting of the Academy of Management , Denver, CO. 2002 . Cummings, J. and O'Leary, M. The spatial, temporal, and configurational characteristics of geographic dispersion in work teams. Presented at the Meeting of the Academy of Management, Denver, CO. 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"460","volume":"17","author":"Cummings L.L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cummings L.L. , Huber , G.P. and Arendt , E ., Effects of Size and Spatial Arrangements on Group Decision Making. The Academy of Management Journal , 17 , 1974 , 460 -- 475 . Cummings L.L., Huber, G.P. and Arendt, E., Effects of Size and Spatial Arrangements on Group Decision Making. The Academy of Management Journal, 17, 1974, 460--475.","journal-title":"The Academy of Management Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(78)90021-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Designing Complex Organizations","author":"Galbraith J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Galbraith , J. Designing Complex Organizations . Addison-Wesley , Reading, MA , 1973 . Galbraith, J. Designing Complex Organizations. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1973."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/320297.320333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1.3-4.233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Group tasks, group interaction processes, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration","author":"Hackman J. R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hackman , J. R. and Morris , C. G . Group tasks, group interaction processes, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration . In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), GroupProcess. Academic Press , New York. 1978 , 1--55. Hackman, J. R. and Morris, C. G. Group tasks, group interaction processes, and group performance effectiveness: A review and proposed integration. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), GroupProcess. Academic Press, New York. 1978, 1--55."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.14.6.615.24872"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.1050.0122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.10.6.791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"What do we know about proximity and distance in work groups? A legacy of research","author":"Kiesler S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kiesler , S. and Cummings , J.N . What do we know about proximity and distance in work groups? A legacy of research . In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA, 2002 , 57--80. Kiesler, S. and Cummings, J.N. What do we know about proximity and distance in work groups? A legacy of research. In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002, 57--80."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Graph theoretical dimensions of informal organizations. In K. Carley and M. Prietula (Eds), Computational Organization Theory. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale","volume":"89","author":"Krackhardt D","year":"1994","unstructured":"Krackhardt , D . Graph theoretical dimensions of informal organizations. In K. Carley and M. Prietula (Eds), Computational Organization Theory. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale , NJ , 1994 , 89 -- 111 . Krackhardt, D. Graph theoretical dimensions of informal organizations. In K. Carley and M. Prietula (Eds), Computational Organization Theory. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1994, 89--111.","journal-title":"NJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2786835"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/203330.203345"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work","author":"Kraut R.E.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kraut , R.E. , Fussel S.R. , Brennan , S.E. and Seigel , J . Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work . In P. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA, 2002 , 137--162. Kraut, R.E., Fussel S.R., Brennan, S.E. and Seigel, J. Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work. In P. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002, 137--162."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Organizations","author":"March J. G.","year":"1958","unstructured":"March , J. G. and Simon , H. A. , Organizations . John Wiley , New York, NY , 1958 . March, J. G. and Simon, H. A., Organizations. John Wiley, New York, NY, 1958."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Distributed work","author":"Moon Y.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moon , Y. and Sproull , L . Essence of distributed work: The case of the Linux kernel . In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed work , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA , 2002 . 381--404. Moon, Y. and Sproull, L. Essence of distributed work: The case of the Linux kernel. In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed work, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002. 381--404."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb022856"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Distributed work","author":"Nardi B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nardi , B. and Whittaker , S . The place of face-to-face communication in distributed work . In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed work , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA , 2002 , Nardi, B. and Whittaker, S. The place of face-to-face communication in distributed work. In P. J. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed work, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002,"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action","author":"Nohria N.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nohria , N. and Eccles , R . Face-to-face: Making network organizations work . In N. Nohria and R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action , Harvard Business School Press , Boston, MA , 1992 , 288--308. Nohria, N. and Eccles, R. Face-to-face: Making network organizations work. In N. Nohria and R. G. Eccles (Eds.), Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form and Action, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, 1992, 288--308."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327051HCI1523_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/240080.240353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/230191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior, 12","author":"Powell W. W.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Powell , W. W. Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization . In B. Staw and L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 12 , JAI Press . Greenwich, CN, 1990 , 295--336. Powell, W. W. Neither market nor hierarchy: Network forms of organization. In B. Staw and L. Cummings (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 12, JAI Press. Greenwich, CN, 1990, 295--336."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.12.4.502.10637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.46.5.612.12052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"The Sciences of the Artificial (2nd. Edition)","author":"Simon H.A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Simon , H.A. The Sciences of the Artificial (2nd. Edition) . MIT Press , Cambridge, MA , 1981 . Simon, H.A. The Sciences of the Artificial (2nd. Edition). MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1981."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Organization in Action","author":"Thompson J. D.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thompson , J. D. Organization in Action . McGraw Hill , Chicago, IL , 1967 . Thompson, J. D. Organization in Action. McGraw Hill, Chicago, IL, 1967."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2989877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.44.11.S1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Time effects in computer-mediate groups: Past, present, and future","author":"Walther J. B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walther , J. B. Time effects in computer-mediate groups: Past, present, and future . . In P. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work , MIT Press , Cambridge, MA, 2002 , 235--258. Walther, J. B. Time effects in computer-mediate groups: Past, present, and future. . In P. Hinds, S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed Work, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002, 235--258."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"The Theory of Social and Economic Organization","author":"Weber M.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Weber , M. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization . Free Press , Glenco, IL , 1947 . Weber, M. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Free Press, Glenco, IL, 1947."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power","author":"Zuboff S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zuboff , S. In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power . Basic Books , New York, NY , 1988 . Zuboff, S. In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power. Basic Books, New York, NY, 1988."}],"event":{"name":"CSCW06: Computer Supported Cooperative Work","location":"Banff Alberta Canada","acronym":"CSCW06","sponsor":["ACM Association for Computing Machinery","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1180875.1180928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T02:32:18Z","timestamp":1673404338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1180875.1180928"}},"subtitle":["social structure, work structure and coordination ease in geographically distributed teams"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,4]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1180875.1180928","10.1145\/1180875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1180875.1180928","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}