{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T18:10:44Z","timestamp":1758823844675,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]],"date-time":"2006-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCSE Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Bologna process is intended to culminate in the formation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by 2010. Its aim is to facilitate the mobility of people, the transparency and recognition of qualifications, quality and development of a European dimension to higher education, and the attractiveness of European institutions for third country students.This paper provides an overview of progress towards implementation in EHEA member states using official documents and interview data from faculty teaching computing in countries represented at the ITiCSE 2006 meeting. The key areas where the structures established by the Bologna process are problematic for computing education arise from the rapidly changing nature of the curriculum. It seems that the maturity and capability criteria, as well as the manner in which learning outcomes are specified, being developed within the Bologna process are too general. This endangers the properties of transparency and mobility that the process intends to promote.Progression and prerequisite knowledge in computing degrees can be very specific. For instance, generic learning outcomes for an introductory programming course quite rightly will not specify the programming language, or languages, used to implement algorithms. However, suppose a student intends to study an advanced algorithms and data structures course in which Java is the language of implementation which has an introductory course in programming as a prerequisite. If the introductory course language was Standard ML it is not clear that the prerequisite course actually provides the student with a suitable background. These types of complexities are typical of computing, where early subject curricula are not standardised nationally or internationally, and create significant hurdles for realising the Bologna objectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1189136.1189181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T18:32:02Z","timestamp":1169058722000},"page":"115-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A computing perspective on the Bologna process"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ursula","family":"Fuller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Pears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Amillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash Unviersity, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Mannila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abo Akademi University, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Audit Manual for 2005-2007. Technical report","author":"Quality Assurance Audits","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Audits of Quality Assurance Systems of Finnish Higher Education Institutions . Audit Manual for 2005-2007. Technical report , Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council . Accessible at http:\/\/www.abo.fi\/fa\/kvalitetssakring\/pdf\/auditmanual05_07.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Audits of Quality Assurance Systems of Finnish Higher Education Institutions. Audit Manual for 2005-2007. Technical report, Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council. Accessible at http:\/\/www.abo.fi\/fa\/kvalitetssakring\/pdf\/auditmanual05_07.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"phase 2. Technical report","author":"Bologna process at Uppsala University","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bologna process at Uppsala University , phase 2. Technical report , Uppsala University . Report, UFV 2004 \/1675. Accessible at http:\/\/info.uu.se\/uadm\/dokument.nsf\/enhet\/E27BADE5056CD9ECC1256F5D004B487F\/file\/Bolognarapport del 2.pdf. Bologna process at Uppsala University, phase 2. Technical report, Uppsala University. Report, UFV2004\/1675. Accessible at http:\/\/info.uu.se\/uadm\/dokument.nsf\/enhet\/E27BADE5056CD9ECC1256F5D004B487F\/file\/Bolognarapport del 2.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Bologna Process Stocktaking. Technical report Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. \"Report from the Bologna Follow-Up Group Working Group. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Bergen\/050509 Stocktaking.pdf. Accessed on June 28 2006\".  Bologna Process Stocktaking. Technical report Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research. \"Report from the Bologna Follow-Up Group Working Group. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Bergen\/050509 Stocktaking.pdf. Accessed on June 28 2006\"."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Competence of Professional Engineers\/EUR ING. Technical report. Accessible at http:\/\/www.feani.org.  Competence of Professional Engineers\/EUR ING. Technical report. Accessible at http:\/\/www.feani.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Technical report","author":"Higher Convention","year":"1997","unstructured":"Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region . Technical report , Council of Europe . European Treaty Series No 165, Lisbon, 11.IV. 1997 . Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region. Technical report, Council of Europe. European Treaty Series No 165, Lisbon, 11.IV.1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Diploma Supplement Guideline. Accessible at http:\/\/portal.tugraz.at\/portal\/page?_pageid=133 114051&da d=portal&_schema=PORTAL#selectionresults.  Diploma Supplement Guideline. Accessible at http:\/\/portal.tugraz.at\/portal\/page?_pageid=133 114051&da d=portal&_schema=PORTAL#selectionresults."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"ECET Home Page. Technical report European Computing Education and Training (ECET). Accessible at http:\/\/ecet.ecs.ru.acad.bg\/ecet\/index.php. Accessed on August 3 2006.  ECET Home Page. Technical report European Computing Education and Training (ECET). Accessible at http:\/\/ecet.ecs.ru.acad.bg\/ecet\/index.php. Accessed on August 3 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Cultural Convention. Technical report, Council of Europe. European Treaty Series No 18","author":"European","year":"1954","unstructured":"European Cultural Convention. Technical report, Council of Europe. European Treaty Series No 18 , Paris, 19.XII. 1954 . European Cultural Convention. Technical report, Council of Europe. European Treaty Series No 18, Paris, 19.XII.1954."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Last amended","author":"Government Decree","year":"2005","unstructured":"Government Decree on Polytechnics 352\/2003. Last amended in 2005 . Technical report, Finnish Ministry of Justice. Accessible at http:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/ajantasa\/2003\/20030352. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Government Decree on Polytechnics 352\/2003. Last amended in 2005. Technical report, Finnish Ministry of Justice. Accessible at http:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/ajantasa\/2003\/20030352. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Swedish Government. Accessible at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/574\/a\/21541 Accessed","author":"Ordinance Higher Education","year":"2006","unstructured":"Higher Education Ordinance . Technical report , Swedish Government. Accessible at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/574\/a\/21541 Accessed September 6, 2006 . Higher Education Ordinance. Technical report, Swedish Government. Accessible at http:\/\/www.sweden.gov.se\/sb\/d\/574\/a\/21541 Accessed September 6, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Indicators in Higher Education in the UK 2004\/05","author":"Performance","year":"2006","unstructured":"Performance Indicators in Higher Education in the UK 2004\/05 . Employment of Graduates. Technical report, Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). Accessible at http:\/\/www.hesa.ac.uk\/pi\/0405\/employment.htm. Accessed on August 4, 2006 . Performance Indicators in Higher Education in the UK 2004\/05. Employment of Graduates. Technical report, Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). Accessible at http:\/\/www.hesa.ac.uk\/pi\/0405\/employment.htm. Accessed on August 4, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Last amended","author":"Polytechnics Act","year":"2005","unstructured":"Polytechnics Act (351\/2003). Last amended in 2005 . Technical report, Finnish Ministry of Justice. Accessible at http:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/ajantasa\/2003\/20030351. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Polytechnics Act (351\/2003). Last amended in 2005. Technical report, Finnish Ministry of Justice. Accessible at http:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/ajantasa\/2003\/20030351. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"volume-title":"Technical report","author":"Framework The Legal","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"The Legal Framework . Technical report , Swedish National Agency for Higher Education . Accessible at http:\/\/www.hsv.se\/thelegalframework.4.7cb94a2910b5ac8d550800012418.html. The Legal Framework. Technical report, Swedish National Agency for Higher Education. Accessible at http:\/\/www.hsv.se\/thelegalframework.4.7cb94a2910b5ac8d550800012418.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Last amended","author":"Universities Act","year":"2005","unstructured":"Universities Act (645\/1997). Last amended in 2005 . Technical report, Finnish Ministry of Justice. Accessible at http:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/ajantasa\/1997\/19970645. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Universities Act (645\/1997). Last amended in 2005. Technical report, Finnish Ministry of Justice. Accessible at http:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/fi\/laki\/ajantasa\/1997\/19970645. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Italy and the United Kingdom","author":"Joint","year":"1998","unstructured":"Joint declaration on harmonisation of the architecture of the European higher education system. Technical report, The four Ministers in charge for France, Germany , Italy and the United Kingdom , Sorbonne, Paris , 1998 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/980525SORBONNE_DECLARATION.PDF. Accessed on August 4, 2006. Joint declaration on harmonisation of the architecture of the European higher education system. Technical report, The four Ministers in charge for France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom, Sorbonne, Paris, 1998. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/980525SORBONNE_DECLARATION.PDF. Accessed on August 4, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"European Ministers of Education","author":"June The Bologna","year":"1999","unstructured":"The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999 . Technical report , European Ministers of Education , Bologna, Italy , 1999. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/990719BOLOGNA_DECLARATION.PDF. Accessed on August 4, 2006. The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999. Technical report, European Ministers of Education, Bologna, Italy, 1999. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/990719BOLOGNA_DECLARATION.PDF. Accessed on August 4, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Technical report","author":"Benchmark Honours Degree","year":"2000","unstructured":"Honours Degree Benchmark Statement - Computing . Technical report , The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education , Gloucester, UK , 2000 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/benchmark\/honours\/computing.pdf. Honours Degree Benchmark Statement - Computing. Technical report, The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, Gloucester, UK, 2000. Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/benchmark\/honours\/computing.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Confederation of EU Rectors' Conferences and the Association of European Universities, 2000","author":"Bologna The","year":"2006","unstructured":"The Bologna Declaration on the European space for Higher Education: an explanation. Technical report , Confederation of EU Rectors' Conferences and the Association of European Universities, 2000 . Accessible at http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/education\/policies\/educ\/bologna\/bologna.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006 . The Bologna Declaration on the European space for Higher Education: an explanation. Technical report, Confederation of EU Rectors' Conferences and the Association of European Universities, 2000. Accessible at http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/education\/policies\/educ\/bologna\/bologna.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Information & Communications Technology skills & careers: multimedia computing systems electronics. Technical report","author":"Space Career","year":"2001","unstructured":"Career Space , Information & Communications Technology skills & careers: multimedia computing systems electronics. Technical report , 2001 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.career-space.com\/index.htm. Accessed on June 28, 2006. Career Space, Information & Communications Technology skills & careers: multimedia computing systems electronics. Technical report, 2001. Accessible at http:\/\/www.career-space.com\/index.htm. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"QAA, 2001","author":"The","year":"2006","unstructured":"The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland - January 2001. Technical report , QAA, 2001 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/EWNI\/default.asp. Accessed on June 26, 2006 . The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland - January 2001. Technical report, QAA, 2001. Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/EWNI\/default.asp. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"QAA, 2001","author":"The","year":"2006","unstructured":"The framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland. Technical report , QAA, 2001 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/SCQF\/default.asp. Accessed on June 26, 2006 . The framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland. Technical report, QAA, 2001. Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/academicinfrastructure\/FHEQ\/SCQF\/default.asp. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Prague","author":"European Higher Education Area Towards The","year":"2001","unstructured":"Towards The European Higher Education Area . Technical report, European Ministers in charge of Higher Education , Prague , Czechoslovakia , 2001 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/010519PRAGUE_COMMUNIQUE.PDF.Accessed on August 4, 2006. Towards The European Higher Education Area. Technical report, European Ministers in charge of Higher Education, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 2001. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/010519PRAGUE_COMMUNIQUE.PDF.Accessed on August 4, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"National Unions of Students in Europe","author":"Surveys European Bologna","year":"2003","unstructured":"European Bologna Surveys . Technical report , National Unions of Students in Europe , 2003 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.esib.org\/frankfurt\/survey\/ebss.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006. European Bologna Surveys. Technical report, National Unions of Students in Europe, 2003. Accessible at http:\/\/www.esib.org\/frankfurt\/survey\/ebss.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education","author":"European Higher Education Area Realising","year":"2003","unstructured":"Realising the European Higher Education Area . Technical report , Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education , Berlin, Germany , 2003 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/030919Berlin_Communique.PDF.Accessed 4 August 2006. Realising the European Higher Education Area. Technical report, Conference of Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Berlin, Germany, 2003. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/030919Berlin_Communique.PDF.Accessed 4 August 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Tuning Project. Educational Structures in Europe","author":"Chemistry Summary","year":"2004","unstructured":"Summary of Outcomes - Chemistry . Technical report , Tuning Project. Educational Structures in Europe , University of Deusto , 2004 . Accessible at http:\/\/tuning.unideusto.org\/tuningeu\/index.php? option=content&task=view&id=97&Itemid=124. Accessed on June 28, 2006. Summary of Outcomes - Chemistry. Technical report, Tuning Project. Educational Structures in Europe, University of Deusto, 2004. Accessible at http:\/\/tuning.unideusto.org\/tuningeu\/index.php? option=content&task=view&id=97&Itemid=124. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Tuning Project. Educational Structures in Europe","author":"Methodology Tuning","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tuning Methodology . Technical report , Tuning Project. Educational Structures in Europe , University of Deusto , 2004 . Accessible at http:\/\/tuning.unideusto.org\/tuningeu\/index.php? option=content&task=view&id=172&Itemid=205. Accessed on June 28, 2006. Tuning Methodology. Technical report, Tuning Project. Educational Structures in Europe, University of Deusto, 2004. Accessible at http:\/\/tuning.unideusto.org\/tuningeu\/index.php? option=content&task=view&id=172&Itemid=205. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Technical report, \u00c5bo Akademi University","author":"Bolognaprocessen \u00c5bo Akademi","year":"2004","unstructured":"\u00c5bo Akademi - Bolognaprocessen . Linjedragningar. Technical report, \u00c5bo Akademi University , 2004 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.abo.fi\/fa\/stuby\/bologna\/linjedragningar_4.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006. \u00c5bo Akademi -Bolognaprocessen. Linjedragningar. Technical report, \u00c5bo Akademi University, 2004. Accessible at http:\/\/www.abo.fi\/fa\/stuby\/bologna\/linjedragningar_4.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"a first approach. Technical report","author":"Engineers Criteria","year":"2005","unstructured":"Criteria for Automatic recognition for Engineers : a first approach. Technical report , Council of Associations of long cycle Engineers of a University or Higher School of Engineering of the European Union , Brussels, Belgium, 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.claiu.org\/site_uk\/Opinions_pdf\/FirstApproachRecognition.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006. Criteria for Automatic recognition for Engineers: a first approach. Technical report, Council of Associations of long cycle Engineers of a University or Higher School of Engineering of the European Union, Brussels, Belgium, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.claiu.org\/site_uk\/Opinions_pdf\/FirstApproachRecognition.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"EUR-ACE, 2005","author":"Framework EUR-ACE","year":"2006","unstructured":"EUR-ACE Framework Standards for the Accreditation of Engineering Programmes. Technical report , EUR-ACE, 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.feani.org\/EUR_ACE\/PrivateSection\/Documents\/A1_EUR-ACE Framework Accessed on June 28, 2006 . EUR-ACE Framework Standards for the Accreditation of Engineering Programmes. Technical report, EUR-ACE, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.feani.org\/EUR_ACE\/PrivateSection\/Documents\/A1_EUR-ACE Framework Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Technical report, \u00c5bo Akademi University","author":"\u00f6r \u00c5bo Akademi Examensstadga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Examensstadga f \u00f6r \u00c5bo Akademi . Technical report, \u00c5bo Akademi University , 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.abo.fi\/fa\/forfa\/examst\/akademi.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Examensstadga f\u00f6r \u00c5bo Akademi. Technical report, \u00c5bo Akademi University, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.abo.fi\/fa\/forfa\/examst\/akademi.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Bologna Secretariat, 2005","author":"Framework","year":"2005","unstructured":"Framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area. Technical report , Bologna Secretariat, 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen 2005 .no\/EN\/BASIC\/Framework Qualifications.HTM. Accessed June 26, 2006. Framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area. Technical report, Bologna Secretariat, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/EN\/BASIC\/Framework Qualifications.HTM. Accessed June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Finnish Ministry of Education, 2005","author":"Framework Qualifications","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qualifications Framework . Description of Finnish Higher Education Qualifications. Technical report , Finnish Ministry of Education, 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.minedu.fi\/export\/sites\/default\/OPM\/Julkaisut\/ 2005 \/liitteet\/opm_265_tr04.pdf?lang=fi. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Qualifications Framework. Description of Finnish Higher Education Qualifications. Technical report, Finnish Ministry of Education, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.minedu.fi\/export\/sites\/default\/OPM\/Julkaisut\/2005\/liitteet\/opm_265_tr04.pdf?lang=fi. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education","author":"Higher Education The European","year":"2005","unstructured":"The European Higher Education Area - Achieving the Goals . Technical report , Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education , Berlin, Germany , 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/050520_Bergen_Communique.pdf. Accessed August 4, 2006. The European Higher Education Area - Achieving the Goals. Technical report, Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Berlin, Germany, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/Docs\/00-Main_doc\/050520_Bergen_Communique.pdf. Accessed August 4, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"The Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula","author":"Report The Overview","year":"2005","unstructured":"The Overview Report . Technical report , The Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula , 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.acm.org\/education\/curric_vols\/CC2005-March06Final.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006. The Overview Report. Technical report, The Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.acm.org\/education\/curric_vols\/CC2005-March06Final.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"T\u00edtulo de Grado en Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica. 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.fic.udc.es\/files\/266\/libroblanco_informatica_03 05.pdf. Accessed on June 28 2006.  T\u00edtulo de Grado en Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica. 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.fic.udc.es\/files\/266\/libroblanco_informatica_03 05.pdf. Accessed on June 28 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"ENQA Secretariat","author":"About","year":"2006","unstructured":"About ENQA. Technical report , ENQA Secretariat , Helsinki, Finland , 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.enqa.eu\/. Accessed on August 7, 2006. About ENQA. Technical report, ENQA Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.enqa.eu\/. Accessed on August 7, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Conferencia de Decanos y Directores de Centros Universitarios de Inform\u00e1tica (CODDI)","author":"de Master Propuesta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Propuesta de Master Oficial en Ingenier\u00eda . Technical report , Conferencia de Decanos y Directores de Centros Universitarios de Inform\u00e1tica (CODDI) , Alicante, Spain , 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.fic.udc.es\/CODDI\/documentacion\/PropuestaMasteryAcuerdoCODDIJunio2006.pdf, Accessed June 28, 2006. Propuesta de Master Oficial en Ingenier\u00eda. Technical report, Conferencia de Decanos y Directores de Centros Universitarios de Inform\u00e1tica (CODDI), Alicante, Spain, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.fic.udc.es\/CODDI\/documentacion\/PropuestaMasteryAcuerdoCODDIJunio2006.pdf, Accessed June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"QAA, 2006","author":"The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education","year":"2006","unstructured":"The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education : an introduction. Technical report , QAA, 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/aboutus\/qaaIntro\/intro.asp. Accessed on June 25, 2006 . The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education: an introduction. Technical report, QAA, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.qaa.ac.uk\/aboutus\/qaaIntro\/intro.asp. Accessed on June 25, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Bologna Bergen Reports, 2005","author":"Lehikoinen Anita","year":"2005","unstructured":"Anita Lehikoinen . National Reports 2004-2005. Finland. Technical report , Bologna Bergen Reports, 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen 2005 .no\/EN\/national_impl\/00_Nat-rep-05\/National_Reports-Finland_050110.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Anita Lehikoinen. National Reports 2004-2005. Finland. Technical report, Bologna Bergen Reports, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/EN\/national_impl\/00_Nat-rep-05\/National_Reports-Finland_050110.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Europe Unit: About us. Technical report","author":"Unit Europe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Europe Unit . Europe Unit: About us. Technical report , 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/about_us\/index.cfm. Accessed on June 25, 2006. Europe Unit. Europe Unit: About us. Technical report, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/about_us\/index.cfm. Accessed on June 25, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"UK poisition on credit. Technical report","author":"Unit Europe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Europe Unit . UK poisition on credit. Technical report , 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/bologna_process\/uk_position_ on_credit.cfm. Europe Unit. UK poisition on credit. Technical report, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/bologna_process\/uk_position_ on_credit.cfm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"UK Position on recognition. Technical report","author":"Unit Europe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Europe Unit . UK Position on recognition. Technical report , 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/bologna_process\/uk_position_on_recognition.cfm. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Europe Unit. UK Position on recognition. Technical report, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/bologna_process\/uk_position_on_recognition.cfm. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"UK response on diversity in qualification. Technical report","author":"Unit Europe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Europe Unit . UK response on diversity in qualification. Technical report , 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/bologna process\/uk position on qualification length.cfm. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Europe Unit. UK response on diversity in qualification. Technical report, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.europeunit.ac.uk\/bologna process\/uk position on qualification length.cfm. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Bologna Bergen Reports, 2004","author":"Green Rachel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rachel Green . National Reports 2004-2005. United Kingdom. Technical report , Bologna Bergen Reports, 2004 . Accessible from http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen 2005 .no\/EN\/national_impl\/00_Nat-rep-05\/National_Reports-England-Wales-N-Ireland_050113.pdf. Accessed on June 24, 2006. Rachel Green. National Reports 2004-2005. United Kingdom. Technical report, Bologna Bergen Reports, 2004. Accessible from http:\/\/www.bologna-bergen2005.no\/EN\/national_impl\/00_Nat-rep-05\/National_Reports-England-Wales-N-Ireland_050113.pdf. Accessed on June 24, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Measuring and Recording Student Achievement - Proposals for National Credit Arrangements for the use of academic credit in Higher Education in England. Second stage consultation. Technical report","author":"Burgess Robert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Robert Burgess . Measuring and Recording Student Achievement - Proposals for National Credit Arrangements for the use of academic credit in Higher Education in England. Second stage consultation. Technical report , 2006 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.universitiesuk.ac.uk\/consultations\/UniversitiesUK\/downloads\/CreditConsultation2.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006. Robert Burgess. Measuring and Recording Student Achievement - Proposals for National Credit Arrangements for the use of academic credit in Higher Education in England. Second stage consultation. Technical report, 2006. Accessible at http:\/\/www.universitiesuk.ac.uk\/consultations\/UniversitiesUK\/downloads\/CreditConsultation2.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Trends IV: European Universities Implementing the Bologna Process. Technical report","author":"Reichert S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"S. Reichert and C. Tauch . Trends IV: European Universities Implementing the Bologna Process. Technical report , European University Association , Brussels, Belgium , 2005 . Accessible at http:\/\/www.eua.be\/eua\/jsp\/en\/upload\/TrendsIV FINAL.1117012084971.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006. S. Reichert and C. Tauch. Trends IV: European Universities Implementing the Bologna Process. Technical report, European University Association, Brussels, Belgium, 2005. Accessible at http:\/\/www.eua.be\/eua\/jsp\/en\/upload\/TrendsIV FINAL.1117012084971.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/384274.384275"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGCSE Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1189136.1189181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1189136.1189181","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T15:06:21Z","timestamp":1750259181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1189136.1189181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1189136.1189181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1189136.1189181","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/1189215.1189181","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0097-8418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0097-8418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-06-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}