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Observers rated their level of comfort in response to animate and inanimate objects in live and virtual (stereoscopic projection) viewing conditions. Electrodermal activity was also recorded to monitor their physiological response to these stimuli. Observers exhibited significant negative reactions to violations of interpersonal space in stereoscopic 3D displays, which were equivalent to those experienced in the natural environment. These data have important implications for the creation of 3D media and the use of virtual reality systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1190036.1190041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,16]],"date-time":"2007-01-16T19:38:29Z","timestamp":1168976309000},"page":"412-428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Personal space in virtual reality"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Laurie M.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"York University, Toronto, Canada"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University, Toronto, Canada"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Elfassy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University, Toronto, Canada"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Grelik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York University, Toronto, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.1991.9917794","article-title":"The effect of lighting conditions on personal-space requirements","volume":"118","author":"Adams L.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of General Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/2786027","article-title":"Eye-contact, distance and affiliation","volume":"28","author":"Argyle M.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Sociometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474601753272844"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203029007002","article-title":"Interpersonal distance in immersive virtual environments","volume":"29","author":"Bailenson J. 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