{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:52:33Z","timestamp":1750308753070,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCAS Comput. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Computer Sciences (CS) are having a major impact on recent scientific developments. As any other basic science, the CS is publicly perceived as an open and free science that is trying to make progress in any possible direction, resolving scientific problems in its arena and dealing with pure scientific and issues and theoretical questions per se. In this paper I claim that this is not the case. CS is heavily controlled by commercial forces, which dictate its progress, goals and future directions. The new developments in the CS arena are in most cases the result of the market needs. Several research projects at the universities are funded by the industry, dealing with issues with a clear industrial aspect. Public funds, such as the 6\n            <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n            European Framework project allocates a major portion of their funds for industrial research. The IEEE and ACM, the most respectful technology organizations of the CS, are governed by the industry and the universities at about equal share. The industry is holding patent rights for several CS research results, and CS scientists are issuing patents for their research because it may have a significant economic value. The CS is not an open science, in terms of Popper definition.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1215942.1215945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]],"date-time":"2007-04-05T19:52:18Z","timestamp":1175802738000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Computer sciences and commercial forces"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shai","family":"Ophir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bordieu Pierre (1975): \"The specificity of the scientific field and the social conditions of the progress of reason\" Soc. sci. inform. 14(6): 19--47.  Bordieu Pierre (1975): \"The specificity of the scientific field and the social conditions of the progress of reason\" Soc. sci. inform. 14(6): 19--47.","DOI":"10.1177\/053901847501400602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Collins Harry M. (1985): Changing Order: Replication and induction of scientific practice The Univ. of Chicago Press Chicago (chap.3+4 pp.51--112).  Collins Harry M. (1985): Changing Order: Replication and induction of scientific practice The Univ. of Chicago Press Chicago (chap.3+4 pp.51--112)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"151","volume-title":"2nd. ed. {","author":"Latour Bruno","year":"1986","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Flamm Kenneth. 1987. Targeting the Computer: Government Support and International Competition. Brookings Institution Washington D.C.   Flamm Kenneth. 1987. Targeting the Computer: Government Support and International Competition. Brookings Institution Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Flamm Kenneth. 1988. Creating the Computer: Government Industry and High Technology. Brookings Institution Washington D.C.   Flamm Kenneth. 1988. Creating the Computer: Government Industry and High Technology. Brookings Institution Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"P115","article-title":"Science and Technology in a Democratic Order","volume":"1","author":"Merton Robert K","year":"1942","journal-title":"Journal of Legal and Political Sociology"},{"volume-title":"Storer, N.W.","year":"1973","author":"Merton Robert K","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","article-title":"Interview with John Perry, APA Newsletters","volume":"98","author":"Uzgalis Bill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Newsletter on Philosophy and Computers"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1215942.1215945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1215942.1215945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T20:22:22Z","timestamp":1750278142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1215942.1215945"}},"subtitle":["can computer science be considered science?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1215942.1215945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1215942.1215945","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-2737"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0095-2737"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}