{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:52:53Z","timestamp":1750308773265,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Appl. Percept."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Virtual reality locomotion simulators are a promising tool for evaluating the effectiveness of vision aids to mobility for people with low vision. This study examined two factors to gain insight into the verisimilitude requirements of the test environment: the effects of treadmill walking and the suitability of using controls as surrogate patients. Ten \u201ctunnel vision\u201d patients with\n            <jats:italic>retinitis pigmentosa<\/jats:italic>\n            (RP) were tasked with identifying which side of a clearly visible obstacle their heading through the virtual environment would lead them and were scored both on accuracy and on their distance from the obstacle when they responded. They were tested both while walking on a treadmill and while standing, as they viewed a scene representing progress through a shopping mall. Control subjects, each wearing a head-mounted field restriction to simulate the vision of a paired patient, were also tested. At wide angles of approach, controls and patients performed with a comparably high degree of accuracy, and made their choices at comparable distances from the obstacle. At narrow angles of approach, patients' accuracy increased when walking, while controls' accuracy decreased. When walking, both patients and controls delayed their decisions until closer to the obstacle. We conclude that a head-mounted field restriction is not sufficient for simulating tunnel vision, but that the improved performance observed for walking compared to standing suggests that a walking interface (such as a treadmill) may be essential for eliciting natural perceptually guided behavior in virtual reality locomotion simulators.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1227134.1227142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,5]],"date-time":"2007-04-05T19:20:08Z","timestamp":1175800808000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Heading assessment by \u201ctunnel vision\u201d patients and control subjects standing or walking in a virtual reality environment"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Apfelbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}]},{"given":"Adar","family":"Pelah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York, York, United Kingdom, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Peli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00241507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/4.8.806"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE -IS&T Electronic Imaging, SPIE","volume":"5666","author":"Barabas J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Berthoz A. and Jones M. (eds.). 1985. Adaptive Mechanisms in Gaze Control: Facts and Theories. Elsevier. Amsterdam.  Berthoz A. and Jones M. (eds.). 1985. Adaptive Mechanisms in Gaze Control: Facts and Theories. Elsevier. Amsterdam."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00228.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornelissen F. W. and van den Dobbelsteen J. J. 1999. Heading detection with simulated visual field defects. Visual Impairment Research I 2 August 71--84.  Cornelissen F. W. and van den Dobbelsteen J. J. 1999. Heading detection with simulated visual field defects. 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