{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T11:21:56Z","timestamp":1769858516103,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A fascination with computing machinery, and a desire to explore this emerging field with mathematicians, engineers, computer manufacturers, and others, inspired E.C. Berkeley to help create a hub for these common interests to connect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1230819.1230835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,6]],"date-time":"2007-06-06T14:37:11Z","timestamp":1181140631000},"page":"30-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Edmund Berkeley and the origins of ACM"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Akera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"{fr1} For more on the history of computing and the Watson Laboratory at Columbia University see www.columbia.edu\/acis\/history (Accessed 11\/28\/2006). Further information written by Herbert Grosch director of the computing facility at the Watson Lab from 1945 to 1950 may be found in Computer; Bit Slices from a Life (Underwood Books 1991).  {fr1} For more on the history of computing and the Watson Laboratory at Columbia University see www.columbia.edu\/acis\/history (Accessed 11\/28\/2006). Further information written by Herbert Grosch director of the computing facility at the Watson Lab from 1945 to 1950 may be found in Computer; Bit Slices from a Life (Underwood Books 1991)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"early life and work at Prudential is best documented in JoAnne Yates, \"Early Interactions between the Life Insurance and Computer Industries: The Prudential's Edmund Berkeley","volume":"19","author":"Berkeley's","journal-title":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Cooley, Memo","author":"The Guertin","year":"1946"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"{fr4} See  Berkeley's memos in CBI 50 Box 8 Fld 52 for his interactions with these organizations.  {fr4} See Berkeley's memos in CBI 50 Box 8 Fld 52 for his interactions with these organizations."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Apr. 15, 1947; and James Bogg (Senior Cost Analyst, Cost Allocation Division) to Berkeley"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Mar. 14, 1947, both CBI 50","author":"Volk Laing","year":"1947"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Berkeley","author":"Berkeley Apr","year":"1947"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"4","volume-title":"July 25, 1947; E. C","author":"Bruce Gerhard","year":"1948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Dec. 29, 1946, CBI 50"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Ad $15","author":"Berkeley","year":"1946","journal-title":"Handwritten note"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"{fr11} Ibid.; E.C. Berkeley Giant Brains or Machines that Think John Wiley & Sons NY 1949.   {fr11} Ibid.; E.C. Berkeley Giant Brains or Machines that Think John Wiley & Sons NY 1949."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Bruce Gerhard","author":"Proposal","year":"1948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"and the machine use within the life insurance industry in general, see JoAnne Yates, \"Early Interactions Between the Life Insurance and Computer Industries;\" and","volume":"67","year":"1993","journal-title":"Co-evolution of Information Processing Technology and Use: Interaction between the Life Insurance and Tabulating Industries,\" Business History Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Digital Press","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"conferences, and publications in the exchange of information about computing, see William Aspray's, John von Neumann and the Origins of Modern Computing (MIT Press","author":"Notice","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Meeting of the Life Office Management Association Committee on Electronic Sequence Controlled Calculators","author":"Berkeley","year":"1947","journal-title":"Minutes"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"{fr17} Samuel Williams to Robert Monroe July 24 1947 CBI 45 Box 8 Fld 35.  {fr17} Samuel Williams to Robert Monroe July 24 1947 CBI 45 Box 8 Fld 35."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"{fr18} Ibid.  {fr18} Ibid."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"{fr19} The early ACM reports and other \"distributed literature\" can be found in CBI 50 Box 8 Fld 57-59.  {fr19} The early ACM reports and other \"distributed literature\" can be found in CBI 50 Box 8 Fld 57-59."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"{fr20} A copy of the May 30 1949 draft of the ACM constitution and bylaws also exists in CBI 50 Box 8 Fld 57. Its changes from the original draft of Feb. 15 1948 are noted in E. C. Berkeley to Council \"Proposed constitution and bylaws--changes.. \" May 3 1949. Box 8 Fld 58. Berkeley also continued to work as a consultant in the computing field. Among his other accomplishments he launched the publication Computers and Automation originally The Computing Machinery Field in 1952.  {fr20} A copy of the May 30 1949 draft of the ACM constitution and bylaws also exists in CBI 50 Box 8 Fld 57. Its changes from the original draft of Feb. 15 1948 are noted in E. C. Berkeley to Council \"Proposed constitution and bylaws--changes.. \" May 3 1949. Box 8 Fld 58. Berkeley also continued to work as a consultant in the computing field. Among his other accomplishments he launched the publication Computers and Automation originally The Computing Machinery Field in 1952."}],"container-title":["Communications of the ACM"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1230819.1230835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1230819.1230835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:47:28Z","timestamp":1750258048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1230819.1230835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1230819.1230835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1230819.1230835","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-0782","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}