{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:10:05Z","timestamp":1784268605957,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To create a new, flexible system for volume illustration, we have explored the use of Wang Cubes, the 3D extension of 2D Wang Tiles. We use small sets of Wang Cubes to generate a large variety of nonperiodic illustrative 3D patterns and texture, which otherwise would be too large to use in real applications. We also develop a direct volume rendering framework with the generated patterns and textures. Our framework can be used to render volume datasets effectively and a variety of rendering styles can be achieved with less storage.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Specifically, we extend the nonperiodic tiling process of Wang Tiles to Wang Cubes and modify it for multipurpose tiling. We automatically generate isotropic Wang Cubes consisting of 3D patterns or textures to simulate various illustrative effects. Anisotropic Wang Cubes are generated to yield patterns by using the volume data, curvature, and gradient information. We also extend the definition of Wang Cubes into a set of different sized cubes to provide multiresolution volume rendering. Finally, we provide both coherent 3D geometry-based and texture-based rendering frameworks that can be integrated with arbitrary feature exploration methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1243980.1243985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1189777495000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Volume illustration using wang cubes"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Aidong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073222"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1201775.882265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"452","article-title":"Fast visualization of object contours by nonphotorealistic volume rendering","volume":"20","author":"Cs\u00e9bfalvi B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cs\u00e9bfalvi , B. , Mroz , L. , Hauser , H. , K\u00f6nig , A. , and Gr\u00f6ller , M. E. 2001 . Fast visualization of object contours by nonphotorealistic volume rendering . Comput. Graph. For. 20 , 3, 452 -- 460 . Cs\u00e9bfalvi, B., Mroz, L., Hauser, H., K\u00f6nig, A., and Gr\u00f6ller, M. E. 2001. Fast visualization of object contours by nonphotorealistic volume rendering. Comput. Graph. For. 20, 3, 452--460.","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. For."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"675","article-title":"An aperiodic set of wang cubes","volume":"1","author":"Culik II, K","year":"1995","unstructured":"Culik II, K . and Kari , J. 1995 . An aperiodic set of wang cubes . J. Univer. Comput. Sci. 1 , 10, 675 -- 686 . Culik II, K. and Kari, J. 1995. An aperiodic set of wang cubes. J. Univer. Comput. Sci. 1, 10, 675--686.","journal-title":"J. Univer. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 219--226","author":"Deussen O.","unstructured":"Deussen , O. , Colditz , C. , Stamminger , M. , and Drettakis , G . 2002. Interactive visualization of complex plant ecosystems . In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 219--226 . Deussen, O., Colditz, C., Stamminger, M., and Drettakis, G. 2002. Interactive visualization of complex plant ecosystems. In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 219--226."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 195--202","author":"Ebert D.","unstructured":"Ebert , D. and Rheingans , P . 2000. Volume illustration: Non-photorealistic rendering of volume models . In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 195--202 . Ebert, D. and Rheingans, P. 2000. Volume illustration: Non-photorealistic rendering of volume models. In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 195--202."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2003.1260745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyot J. and Vannson J. L. 1990. Atlas of Human Limb Joints. Springer-Verlag. Guyot J. and Vannson J. L. 1990. Atlas of Human Limb Joints. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-21647-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.2003.1250386"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/966131.966135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Eurographics. 515--522","author":"Hiller S.","unstructured":"Hiller , S. , Hellwig , H. , and Deussen , O . 2003. Beyond stippling-methods for distributing objects on the plane . In Proceedings of Eurographics. 515--522 . Hiller, S., Hellwig, H., and Deussen, O. 2003. Beyond stippling-methods for distributing objects on the plane. In Proceedings of Eurographics. 515--522."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"The Guild Handbook of Scientific Illustration","author":"Hodges E.","unstructured":"Hodges , E. 1989. The Guild Handbook of Scientific Illustration . John Wiley and Sons . Hodges, E. 1989. The Guild Handbook of Scientific Illustration. John Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Conveying 3d shape with texture: recent advances and experimental findings. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VII","volume":"4662","author":"Interrante V.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Interrante , V. , Kim , S. , and Hagh-Shenas , H. 2002 . Conveying 3d shape with texture: recent advances and experimental findings. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VII , SPIE 4662. 197 -- 206 . Interrante, V., Kim, S., and Hagh-Shenas, H. 2002. Conveying 3d shape with texture: recent advances and experimental findings. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VII, SPIE 4662. 197--206.","journal-title":"SPIE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812817723_0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"332","article-title":"Showing shape with texture: two directions seem better than one. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VIII","volume":"5007","author":"Kim S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim , S. , Hagh-Shenas , H. , and Interrante , V. 2003 . Showing shape with texture: two directions seem better than one. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VIII , SPIE 5007. 332 -- 339 . Kim, S., Hagh-Shenas, H., and Interrante, V. 2003. Showing shape with texture: two directions seem better than one. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging VIII, SPIE 5007. 332--339.","journal-title":"SPIE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2004.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.2003.1250414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 333--340","author":"Kirby R. M.","unstructured":"Kirby , R. M. , Marmanis , H. , and Laidlaw , D. H . 1999. Visualizing multivalued data from 2d incompressible flows using concepts from painting . In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 333--340 . Kirby, R. M., Marmanis, H., and Laidlaw, D. H. 1999. Visualizing multivalued data from 2d incompressible flows using concepts from painting. In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 333--340."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.18.000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1095878.1095888"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(99)00169-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/37401.37422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 655--662","author":"Lu A.","unstructured":"Lu , A. and Ebert , D. S . 2005. Example-based volume illustrations . In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 655--662 . Lu, A. and Ebert, D. S. 2005. Example-based volume illustrations. In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization. 655--662."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2003.1196001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/508530.508542"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Vision, Modeling, and Visualization. 497--504","author":"Nagy Z.","unstructured":"Nagy , Z. , Schneider , J. , and Westermann , R . 2002. Interactive volume illustration . In Proceedings of Vision, Modeling, and Visualization. 497--504 . Nagy, Z., Schneider, J., and Westermann, R. 2002. Interactive volume illustration. In Proceedings of Vision, Modeling, and Visualization. 497--504."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186562.1015723"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/74333.74359"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.2003.1250383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenholtz R. and Malik J. 1997. Surface orientation from texture: Isotropy or homogeneity (or both)&quest; Vision Resear. 37 16 2283--2293. Rosenholtz R. and Malik J. 1997. Surface orientation from texture: Isotropy or homogeneity (or both)&quest; Vision Resear. 37 16 2283--2293.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00121-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/197938.197974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186415.1186439"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","unstructured":"Staubesand J. and Taylor A. N. 1990. Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy. Volume 1: Head Neck Upper Limbs Skin. Volume 2: Thorax abdomen Pelvis Lower Limbs. Urban and Schwarzenberg Baltimore-Munich. Staubesand J. and Taylor A. N. 1990. Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy. Volume 1: Head Neck Upper Limbs Skin. Volume 2: Thorax abdomen Pelvis Lower Limbs. Urban and Schwarzenberg Baltimore-Munich."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p260807"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treavett S. M. F. Chen M. Satherley R. and Jones M. W. 2001. Volumes of expression: Artistic modelling and rendering of volume datasets. In Computer Graphics International. 99--106. Treavett S. M. F. Chen M. Satherley R. and Jones M. W. 2001. Volumes of expression: Artistic modelling and rendering of volume datasets. In Computer Graphics International. 99--106.","DOI":"10.1109\/CGI.2001.934663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1961.tb03975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H. 1965. Games logic and computers. Scient. Amer. 98--106. Wang H. 1965. Games logic and computers. Scient. Amer. 98--106.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1165-98"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.135913"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/200972.200974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.537309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(01)00233-4"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1243980.1243985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1243980.1243985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:47:49Z","timestamp":1750258069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1243980.1243985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1243980.1243985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1243980.1243985","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}