{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:44:15Z","timestamp":1792712655585,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":38,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]],"date-time":"2007-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1273496.1273643","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,7]],"date-time":"2008-10-07T13:06:52Z","timestamp":1223384812000},"page":"1167-1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["On the relation between multi-instance learning and semi-supervised learning"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Hua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"ICML'01 (pp. 3--10)","author":"Amar R. A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Amar , R. A. , Dooly , D. R. , Goldman , S. A. , & Zhang , Q. ( 2001 ). Multiple-instance learning of real-valued data . ICML'01 (pp. 3--10) . Williamston, MA. Amar, R. A., Dooly, D. R., Goldman, S. A., & Zhang, Q. (2001). Multiple-instance learning of real-valued data. ICML'01 (pp. 3--10). Williamston, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"NIPS 15, 561--568","author":"Andrews S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andrews , S. , Tsochantaridis , I. , & Hofmann , T. ( 2003 ). Support vector machines for multiple-instance learning . In NIPS 15, 561--568 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Andrews, S., Tsochantaridis, I., & Hofmann, T. (2003). Support vector machines for multiple-instance learning. In NIPS 15, 561--568. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"ICML'97 (pp. 21--29)","author":"Auer P.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Auer , P. ( 1997 ). On learning from multi-instance examples: Empirical evaluation of a theoretical approach . ICML'97 (pp. 21--29) . Nashville, TN. Auer, P. (1997). On learning from multi-instance examples: Empirical evaluation of a theoretical approach. ICML'97 (pp. 21--29). Nashville, TN."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"COLT'01 (pp. 624--638)","author":"Belkin M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Belkin , M. , Matveeva , I. , & Niyogi , P. ( 2001 ). Regularization and semi-supervised learning on large graphs . COLT'01 (pp. 624--638) . Banff, Canada. Belkin, M., Matveeva, I., & Niyogi, P. (2001). Regularization and semi-supervised learning on large graphs. COLT'01 (pp. 624--638). Banff, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"NIPS 11, 368--374","author":"Bennett K. P.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bennett , K. P. , & Demiriz , A. ( 1999 ). Semi-supervised support vector machines . In NIPS 11, 368--374 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Bennett, K. P., & Demiriz, A. (1999). Semi-supervised support vector machines. In NIPS 11, 368--374. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"UCI repository of machine learning databases. {http:\/\/www.ics.uci.edu\/~mlearn\/MLRepository.html}","author":"Blake C.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blake , C. , Keogh , E. , & Merz , C. J. ( 1998 ). UCI repository of machine learning databases. {http:\/\/www.ics.uci.edu\/~mlearn\/MLRepository.html} . Blake, C., Keogh, E., & Merz, C. J. (1998). UCI repository of machine learning databases. {http:\/\/www.ics.uci.edu\/~mlearn\/MLRepository.html}."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/279943.279962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262033589.001.0001","volume-title":"Semi-supervised learning","author":"Chapelle O.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chapelle , O. , Sch\u00f6lkopf , B. , & Zien , A. (Eds.). ( 2006 ). Semi-supervised learning . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Chapelle, O., Sch\u00f6lkopf, B., & Zien, A. (Eds.). (2006). Semi-supervised learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"NIPS 19","author":"Chapelle O.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chapelle , O. , Sindhwani , V. , & Keerthi , S. S. ( 2007 ). Branch and bound for semi-supervised support vector machines . In NIPS 19 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Chapelle, O., Sindhwani, V., & Keerthi, S. S. (2007). Branch and bound for semi-supervised support vector machines. In NIPS 19. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1005332.1016789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"ECML'01 (pp. 49--60)","author":"Chevaleyre Y.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chevaleyre , Y. , & Zucker , J.-D. ( 2001 ). A framework for learning rules from multiple instance data . ECML'01 (pp. 49--60) . Freiburg, Germany. Chevaleyre, Y., & Zucker, J.-D. (2001). A framework for learning rules from multiple instance data. ECML'01 (pp. 49--60). Freiburg, Germany."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143870"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"ECCV'04 Workshop on Statistical Learning in Computer Vision (pp. 59--74)","author":"Csurka G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Csurka , G. , Bray , C. , Dance , C. , & Fan , L. ( 2004 ). Visual categorization with bags of keypoints . ECCV'04 Workshop on Statistical Learning in Computer Vision (pp. 59--74) . Prague, Czech. Csurka, G., Bray, C., Dance, C., & Fan, L. (2004). Visual categorization with bags of keypoints. ECCV'04 Workshop on Statistical Learning in Computer Vision (pp. 59--74). Prague, Czech."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(96)00034-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"ICML'00 (pp. 327--334)","author":"Goldman S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldman , S. , & Zhou , Y. ( 2000 ). Enhancing supervised learning with unlabeled data . ICML'00 (pp. 327--334) . San Francisco, CA. Goldman, S., & Zhou, Y. (2000). Enhancing supervised learning with unlabeled data. ICML'00 (pp. 327--334). San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"ICML'99 (pp. 200--209)","author":"Joachims T.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Joachims , T. ( 1999 ). Transductive inference for text classification using support vector machines . ICML'99 (pp. 200--209) . Bled, Slovenia. Joachims, T. (1999). Transductive inference for text classification using support vector machines. ICML'99 (pp. 200--209). Bled, Slovenia."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"NIPS 10, 570--576","author":"Maron O.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maron , O. , & Lozano - P é \u00e9rez , T. ( 1998 ). A framework for multiple-instance learning . In NIPS 10, 570--576 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Maron, O., & Lozano-Pé\u00e9rez, T. (1998). A framework for multiple-instance learning. In NIPS 10, 570--576. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"ICML'98 (pp. 341--349)","author":"Maron O.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maron , O. , & Ratan , A. L. ( 1998 ). Multiple-instance learning for natural scene classification . ICML'98 (pp. 341--349) . Madison, MI. Maron, O., & Ratan, A. L. (1998). Multiple-instance learning for natural scene classification. ICML'98 (pp. 341--349). Madison, MI."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"NIPS 9, 571--577","author":"Miller D. J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miller , D. J. , & Uyar , H. S. ( 1997 ). A mixture of experts classifier with learning based on both labelled and unlabelled data . In NIPS 9, 571--577 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Miller, D. J., & Uyar, H. S. (1997). A mixture of experts classifier with learning based on both labelled and unlabelled data. In NIPS 9, 571--577. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007692713085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1143844.1143933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1102351.1102439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"ICML'01 (pp. 425--432)","author":"Ray S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ray , S. , & Page , D. ( 2001 ). Multiple instance regression . ICML'01 (pp. 425--432) . Williamstown, MA. Ray, S., & Page, D. (2001). Multiple instance regression. ICML'01 (pp. 425--432). Williamstown, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Learning with kernels","author":"Sch\u00f6lkopf B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6lkopf , B. , & Smola , A. J. (Eds.). ( 2002 ). Learning with kernels . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Sch\u00f6lkopf, B., & Smola, A. J. (Eds.). (2002). Learning with kernels. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"AISTATS'05","author":"Smola A. J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smola , A. J. , Vishwanathan , S. V. N. , & Hofmann , T. ( 2005 ). Kernel methods for missing variables . AISTATS'05 . Savannah Hotel, Barbados. Smola, A. J., Vishwanathan, S. V. N., & Hofmann, T. (2005). Kernel methods for missing variables. AISTATS'05. Savannah Hotel, Barbados."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"NIPS 18, 1419--1426","author":"Viola P.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Viola , P. , Platt , J. , & Zhang , C. ( 2006 ). Multiple instance boosting for object detection . In NIPS 18, 1419--1426 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Viola, P., Platt, J., & Zhang, C. (2006). Multiple instance boosting for object detection. In NIPS 18, 1419--1426. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"ICML'00 (pp. 1119--1125)","author":"Wang J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wang , J. , & Zucker , J.-D. ( 2000 ). Solving the multi-instance problem: A lazy learning approach . ICML'00 (pp. 1119--1125) . San Francisco, CA. Wang, J., & Zucker, J.-D. (2000). Solving the multi-instance problem: A lazy learning approach. ICML'00 (pp. 1119--1125). San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39857-8_42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"AAAI'05 (pp. 904--910)","author":"Xu L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu , L. , & Schuurmans , D. ( 2005 ). Unsupervised and semi-supervised multi-class support vector machines . AAAI'05 (pp. 904--910) . Pittsburgh, PA. Xu, L., & Schuurmans, D. (2005). Unsupervised and semi-supervised multi-class support vector machines. AAAI'05 (pp. 904--910). Pittsburgh, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24775-3_35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"NIPS 14, 1073--1080","author":"Zhang Q.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang , Q. , & Goldman , S. A. ( 2002 ). EM-DD: An improved multi-instance learning technique . In NIPS 14, 1073--1080 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Zhang, Q., & Goldman, S. A. (2002). EM-DD: An improved multi-instance learning technique. In NIPS 14, 1073--1080. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"NIPS 17, 1633--1640","author":"Zhou D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhou , D. , Sch\u00f6lkopf , B. , & Hofmann , T. ( 2005 a). Semi-supervised learning on directed graphs . In NIPS 17, 1633--1640 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Zhou, D., Sch\u00f6lkopf, B., & Hofmann, T. (2005a). Semi-supervised learning on directed graphs. In NIPS 17, 1633--1640. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-005-5602-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"IJCAI'05 (pp. 908--913)","author":"Zhou Z.-H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhou , Z.-H. , & Li , M. ( 2005 ). Semi-supervised learning with co-training . IJCAI'05 (pp. 908--913) . Edinburgh, Scotland. Zhou, Z.-H., & Li, M. (2005). Semi-supervised learning with co-training. IJCAI'05 (pp. 908--913). Edinburgh, Scotland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39857-8_44"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"ICML'03 (pp. 912--919)","author":"Zhu X.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhu , X. , Ghahramani , Z. , & Lafferty , J. ( 2003 ). Semi-supervised learning using Gaussian fields and harmonic functions . ICML'03 (pp. 912--919) . Washington, DC. Zhu, X., Ghahramani, Z., & Lafferty, J. (2003). Semi-supervised learning using Gaussian fields and harmonic functions. ICML'03 (pp. 912--919). Washington, DC."}],"event":{"name":"ICML '07 & ILP '07: The 24th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning held in conjunction with the 2007 International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming","location":"Corvalis Oregon USA","acronym":"ICML '07 & ILP '07","sponsor":["Machine Learning Journal"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Machine learning"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1273496.1273643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1273496.1273643","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:58:09Z","timestamp":1750258689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1273496.1273643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1273496.1273643","10.1145\/1273496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1273496.1273643","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}