{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:12:29Z","timestamp":1774059149855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]],"date-time":"2007-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We combine the often opposing forces of artistic freedom and mathematical determinism to enrich a given animation or simulation of a surface with physically based detail. We present a process called\n            <jats:italic>tracking<\/jats:italic>\n            , which takes as input a rough animation or simulation and enhances it with physically simulated detail. Building on the foundation of constrained Lagrangian mechanics, we propose\n            <jats:italic>weak-form constraints<\/jats:italic>\n            for tracking the input motion. This method allows the artist to choose where to add details such as characteristic wrinkles and folds of various thin shell materials and dynamical effects of physical forces. We demonstrate multiple applications ranging from enhancing an artist's animated character to guiding a simulated inanimate object.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1189777495000},"page":"50","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["TRACKS"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mikl\u00f3s","family":"Bergou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Wardetzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin"}]},{"given":"Eitan","family":"Grinspun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"SCA '06","author":"Angelidis A.","unstructured":"Angelidis , A. , Neyret , F. , Singh , K. , and Nowrouzezahrai , D . 2006. A controllable, fast and stable basis for vortex based smoke simulation . In SCA '06 , 25--32. Angelidis, A., Neyret, F., Singh, K., and Nowrouzezahrai, D. 2006. A controllable, fast and stable basis for vortex based smoke simulation. In SCA '06, 25--32."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Autodesk. Autodesk Maya Unlimited 8.0.  Autodesk. Autodesk Maya Unlimited 8.0."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/280814.280821"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028543"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566623"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"SCA '03","author":"Bridson R.","unstructured":"Bridson , R. , Marino , S. , and Fedkiw , R . 2003. Simulation of clothing with folds and wrinkles . In SCA '03 , 28--36. Bridson, R., Marino, S., and Fedkiw, R. 2003. Simulation of clothing with folds and wrinkles. In SCA '03, 28--36."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566622"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073368.1073412"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015817"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/133994.134083"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"A data-driven approach for real-time clothes simulation","volume":"24","author":"Cordier F.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cordier , F. , and Magnenat-Thalmann , N. 2005 . A data-driven approach for real-time clothes simulation . CGF 24 , 2 (jun), 173--183. Cordier, F., and Magnenat-Thalmann, N. 2005. A data-driven approach for real-time clothes simulation. CGF 24, 2 (jun), 173--183.","journal-title":"CGF"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073368.1073384"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015743"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"SCA '06","author":"Galoppo N.","unstructured":"Galoppo , N. , Otaduy , M. A. , Mecklenburg , P. , Gross , M. , and Lin , M. C . 2006. Fast simulation of deformable models in contact using dynamic deformation textures . In SCA '06 , 73--82. Galoppo, N., Otaduy, M. A., Mecklenburg, P., Gross, M., and Lin, M. C. 2006. Fast simulation of deformable models in contact using dynamic deformation textures. In SCA '06, 73--82."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"Gingold Y. Secord A. Han J. Grinspun E. and Zorin D. 2004. Simulating fracture and tearing of thin shells. Tech. rep. NYU.  Gingold Y. Secord A. Han J. Grinspun E. and Zorin D. 2004. Simulating fracture and tearing of thin shells. Tech. rep. NYU."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/641480.641515"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566578"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"SCA '03","author":"Grinspun E.","unstructured":"Grinspun , E. , Hirani , A. N. , Desbrun , M. , and Schr\u00f6der , P . 2003. Discrete shells . In SCA '03 , 62--67. Grinspun, E., Hirani, A. N., Desbrun, M., and Schr\u00f6der, P. 2003. Discrete shells. In SCA '03, 62--67."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1185657.1185659"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"IEEE Viz. '99","author":"Hadap S.","unstructured":"Hadap , S. , Bangarter , E. , Volino , P. , and Magnenat-Thalmann , N . 1999. Animating wrinkles on clothes . In IEEE Viz. '99 , 175--182. Hadap, S., Bangarter, E., Volino, P., and Magnenat-Thalmann, N. 1999. Animating wrinkles on clothes. In IEEE Viz. '99, 175--182."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Hairer E. Lubich C. and Wanner G. 2006. Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure-Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations. Springer Series in Computational Mathematics. Springer.  Hairer E. Lubich C. and Wanner G. 2006. Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure-Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations . Springer Series in Computational Mathematics. Springer."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-003-0206-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028541"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1142000"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073368.1073385"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","volume-title":"The Variational Principles of Mechanics","author":"Lanczos C.","unstructured":"Lanczos , C. 1986. The Variational Principles of Mechanics , fourth ed. Dover . Lanczos, C. 1986. The Variational Principles of Mechanics, fourth ed. Dover."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Wrinkling coarse meshes on the GPU","volume":"25","author":"Loviscach J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Loviscach , J. 2006 . Wrinkling coarse meshes on the GPU . CGF 25 , 3 (Sept.), 467--476. Loviscach, J. 2006. Wrinkling coarse meshes on the GPU. CGF 25, 3 (Sept.), 467--476.","journal-title":"CGF"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1128923.1128957"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","volume-title":"Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium","author":"Malvern L. E.","unstructured":"Malvern , L. E. 1969. Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium . Prentice-Hall , Englewood Cliffs, NJ . Malvern, L. E. 1969. Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous Medium. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","series-title":"Texts in Applied Mathematics","volume-title":"Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry","author":"Marsden J. E.","unstructured":"Marsden , J. E. , And Ratiu , T. 1994. Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry , second ed., vol. 17 of Texts in Applied Mathematics . Springer-Verlag . Marsden, J. E., And Ratiu, T. 1994. Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry, second ed., vol. 17 of Texts in Applied Mathematics. Springer-Verlag."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015744"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.536273"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566579"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141970"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/54852.378524"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344880"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/944020.944025"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1028523.1028549"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","article-title":"On fast factorization pivoting methods for symmetric indefinite systems","author":"Schenk O.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schenk , O. , and G\u00e4rtner , K. 2006 . On fast factorization pivoting methods for symmetric indefinite systems . Elec. Trans. Numer. Anal., 158--179. Schenk, O., and G\u00e4rtner, K. 2006. On fast factorization pivoting methods for symmetric indefinite systems. Elec. Trans. Numer. Anal., 158--179.","journal-title":"Elec. Trans. Numer. Anal., 158--179."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1037957.1037965"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073208"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"GI '00","author":"Singh K.","unstructured":"Singh , K. , and Kokkevis , E . 2000. Skinning characters using surface oriented free-form deformations . In GI '00 , 35--42. Singh, K., and Kokkevis, E. 2000. Skinning characters using surface oriented free-form deformations. In GI '00, 35--42."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.t01-1-00202"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","unstructured":"Strang G. and Fix G. 1973. An Analysis of the Finite Element Method. Wellesley-Cambridge Press.  Strang G. and Fix G. 1973. An Analysis of the Finite Element Method . Wellesley-Cambridge Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015736"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/54852.378522"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/37401.37427"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","unstructured":"Thomas F. and Johnston O. 1981. The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation. Hyperion Books New York.  Thomas F. and Johnston O. 1981. The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation . Hyperion Books New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","unstructured":"Thomaszewski B. and Wacker M. 2006. Bending Models for Thin Flexible Objects. In WSCG Short Comm.  Thomaszewski B. and Wacker M. 2006. Bending Models for Thin Flexible Objects. In WSCG Short Comm."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","volume-title":"SCA '06","author":"Th\u00fcrey N.","unstructured":"Th\u00fcrey , N. , Keiser , R. , Pauly , M. , and R\u00fcde , U . 2006. Detail-preserving fluid control . In SCA '06 , 7--15. Th\u00fcrey, N., Keiser, R., Pauly, M., and R\u00fcde, U. 2006. Detail-preserving fluid control. In SCA '06, 7--15."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882337"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Efficient animation of point-sampled thin shells","volume":"24","author":"Wicke M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wicke , M. , Steinemann , D. , and Gross , M. 2005 . Efficient animation of point-sampled thin shells . CGF 24 , 3 (Sept.), 667--676. Wicke, M., Steinemann, D., and Gross, M. 2005. Efficient animation of point-sampled thin shells. CGF 24, 3 (Sept.), 667--676.","journal-title":"CGF"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","volume-title":"Eds","author":"Witkin A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Witkin , A. , and Baraff , D. , Eds . 2001 . Physically Based Modeling: Principles and Practice. Course Notes. ACM SIGGRAPH '01. Witkin, A., and Baraff, D., Eds. 2001. Physically Based Modeling: Principles and Practice. Course Notes. ACM SIGGRAPH '01."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/54852.378507"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/97879.565650"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","volume-title":"SCA '06","author":"Wojtan C.","unstructured":"Wojtan , C. , Mucha , P. J. , and Turk , G . 2006. Keyframe control of complex particle systems using the adjoint method . In SCA '06 , 15--24. Wojtan, C., Mucha, P. J., and Turk, G. 2006. Keyframe control of complex particle systems using the adjoint method. In SCA '06, 15--24."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","unstructured":"Zienkiewicz O. C. and Taylor R. L. 2000. The finite element method fifth ed. vol. 1 and 2. Butterworth-Heinemann.  Zienkiewicz O. C. and Taylor R. L. 2000. The finite element method fifth ed. vol. 1 and 2. Butterworth-Heinemann."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/545261.545276"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","volume-title":"Subdivision for Modeling and Animation. Course Notes. ACM SIGGRAPH '98","author":"Zorin D.","unstructured":"Zorin , D. , and Schr\u00f6der , P. , Eds . 1998 . Subdivision for Modeling and Animation. Course Notes. ACM SIGGRAPH '98 . Zorin, D., and Schr\u00f6der, P., Eds. 1998. Subdivision for Modeling and Animation. Course Notes. ACM SIGGRAPH '98."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1276377.1276439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1276377.1276439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:52:18Z","timestamp":1750258338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1276377.1276439"}},"subtitle":["toward directable thin shells"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1276377.1276439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1276377.1276439","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-07-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}