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In this paper, we capture and manipulate multiple images of a scene taken with different aperture settings (\n            <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n            -numbers). We design and implement a prototype optical system and associated algorithms to capture four images of the scene in a single exposure, each taken with a different aperture setting. Our system can be used with commercially available DSLR cameras and photographic lenses without modification to either. We leverage the fact that defocus blur is a function of scene depth and\n            <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n            \/# to estimate a depth map. We demonstrate several applications of our multi-aperture camera, such as post-exposure editing of the depth of field, including extrapolation beyond the physical limits of the lens, synthetic refocusing, and depth-guided deconvolution.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1189777495000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Multi-aperture photography"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Matusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9do","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121783"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000016144.56397.1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.969114"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudhuri S. and Rajagopalan A. 1999. Depth From Defocus: A Real Aperture Imaging Approach. Springer Verlag.  Chaudhuri S. and Rajagopalan A. 1999. Depth From Defocus: A Real Aperture Imaging Approach . Springer Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1490-8"},{"volume-title":"Annual Meeting.","author":"Farid H.","key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Farid , H. , and Simoncelli , E . 1996. A differential optical range camera. In Optical Society of America , Annual Meeting. Farid, H., and Simoncelli, E. 1996. A differential optical range camera. In Optical Society of America, Annual Meeting."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2312\/EGWR\/EGSR06\/263-272"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Harvey R. P. 1998. Optical beam splitter and electronic high speed camera incorporating such a beam splitter. US 5734507 United States Patent.  Harvey R. P. 1998. Optical beam splitter and electronic high speed camera incorporating such a beam splitter. US 5734507 United States Patent."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_48"},{"volume-title":"Optics","author":"Hecht E.","key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Hecht , E. 2002. Optics . Addison-Wesley , Reading, MA . Hecht, E. 2002. Optics. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"Hiura S. and Matsuyama T. 1998. Depth measurement by the multi-focus camera. In IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (1998) 953--961.   Hiura S. and Matsuyama T. 1998. Depth measurement by the multi-focus camera. In IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (1998) 953--961."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344929"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015780"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073231"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2007.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naemura T. Yoshida T. and Harashima H. 2001. 3-D computer graphics based on integral photography. Opt. Expr. 8.  Naemura T. Yoshida T. and Harashima H. 2001. 3-D computer graphics based on integral photography. Opt. 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In Proceedings of The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), vol. 2599, 14--25.","journal-title":"Proceedings of The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1276377.1276462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1276377.1276462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:58:04Z","timestamp":1750258684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1276377.1276462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1276377.1276462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1276377.1276462","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0730-0301"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7368"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-07-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}