{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:10:14Z","timestamp":1760955014407,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]],"date-time":"2007-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a method for creating watercolor-like animation, starting from video as input. The method involves two main steps: applying textures that simulate a watercolor appearance; and creating a simplified, abstracted version of the video to which the texturing operations are applied. Both of these steps are subject to highly visible temporal artifacts, so the primary technical contributions of the paper are extensions of previous methods for texturing and abstraction to provide temporal coherence when applied to video sequences. To maintain coherence for textures, we employ texture advection along lines of optical flow. We furthermore extend previous approaches by incorporating advection in both forward and reverse directions through the video, which allows for minimal texture distortion, particularly in areas of disocclusion that are otherwise highly problematic. To maintain coherence for abstraction, we employ mathematical morphology extended to the temporal domain, using filters whose temporal extents are locally controlled by the degree of distortions in the optical flow. Together, these techniques provide the first practical and robust approach for producing watercolor animations from video, which we demonstrate with a number of examples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1189777495000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Video watercolorization using bidirectional texture advection"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Adrien","family":"Bousseau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe Systems and INRIA Grenoble University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Neyret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LJK\/IMAG-INRIA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00eblle","family":"Thollot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA Grenoble University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Salesin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe Systems and University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"Alp B. Haavisto P. Jarske T. Oistamo K. and Neuvo Y. A. 1990. Median-based algorithms for image sequence processing. In SPIE Vol. 1360 Visual Communications and Image Processing 122--134.  Alp B. Haavisto P. Jarske T. Oistamo K. and Neuvo Y. A. 1990. Median-based algorithms for image sequence processing. In SPIE Vol. 1360 Visual Communications and Image Processing 122--134."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124728.1124751"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566572"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2005.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Cunzi M. Thollot J. Paris S. Debunne G. Gascuel J.-D. and Durand F. 2003. Dynamic canvas for immersive non-photorealistic walkthroughs. In Graphics Interface 121--130.  Cunzi M. Thollot J. Paris S. Debunne G. Gascuel J.-D. and Durand F. 2003. Dynamic canvas for immersive non-photorealistic walkthroughs. In Graphics Interface 121--130."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258896"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767941"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/987657.987676"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/340916.340917"},{"volume-title":"Robot Vision","author":"Horn B. K. P.","key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Horn , B. K. P. 1986. Robot Vision . MIT Press . ISBN 0-262-08159-8. Horn, B. K. P. 1986. Robot Vision. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08159-8."},{"volume-title":"VIS '01: Conference on Visualization '01","author":"Jobard B.","key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"Jobard , B. , Erlebacher , G. , and Hussaini , M. Y . 2001. Lagrangian-eulerian advection for unsteady flow visualization . In VIS '01: Conference on Visualization '01 , 53--60. Jobard, B., Erlebacher, G., and Hussaini, M. Y. 2001. Lagrangian-eulerian advection for unsteady flow visualization. In VIS '01: Conference on Visualization '01, 53--60."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3756\/artsci.3.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/545261.545264"},{"volume-title":"Motion Picture Restoration: Digital Algorithms for Artefact Suppression in Degraded Motion Picture Film and Video","author":"Kokaram A. C.","key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"Kokaram , A. C. 1998. Motion Picture Restoration: Digital Algorithms for Artefact Suppression in Degraded Motion Picture Film and Video . Springer-Verlag . ISBN 3-540-76040-7. Kokaram, A. C. 1998. Motion Picture Restoration: Digital Algorithms for Artefact Suppression in Degraded Motion Picture Film and Video. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-76040-7."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, Springer-Verlag, Ed., 43--52","author":"Laveau N.","key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"Laveau , N. , and Bernard , C . 2005. Structuring elements following the optical flow. In Mathematical Morphology: 40 Years On , Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, Springer-Verlag, Ed., 43--52 . Laveau, N., and Bernard, C. 2005. Structuring elements following the optical flow. In Mathematical Morphology: 40 Years On, Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, Springer-Verlag, Ed., 43--52."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30543-9_60"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258893"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124728.1124732"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"-L","author":"Lum E. B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lum , E. B. , and Ma , K . -L . 2001 . Non-photorealistic rendering using watercolor inspired textures and illumination. In Pacific Graphics , 322--331. Lum, E. B., and Ma, K.-L. 2001. Non-photorealistic rendering using watercolor inspired textures and illumination. In Pacific Graphics, 322--331."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the ICASW\/LaRC Symposium on Visualizing Time-Varying Data, 77--87","author":"Max N.","key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Max , N. , and Becker , B . 1995. Flow visualization using moving textures . In Proceedings of the ICASW\/LaRC Symposium on Visualizing Time-Varying Data, 77--87 . Max, N., and Becker, B. 1995. Flow visualization using moving textures. In Proceedings of the ICASW\/LaRC Symposium on Visualizing Time-Varying Data, 77--87."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"ACM-SIGGRAPH\/EG Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA), 147 -- 153","author":"Neyret F.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neyret , F. 2003 . Advected textures . In ACM-SIGGRAPH\/EG Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA), 147 -- 153 . Neyret, F. 2003. Advected textures. In ACM-SIGGRAPH\/EG Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA), 147 -- 153."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozkan M. K. Sezan M. I. and Tekalp A. M. 1993. Adaptive motion-compensated filtering of noisy image sequences. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology 3 4 277--290.  Ozkan M. K. Sezan M. I. and Tekalp A. M. 1993. Adaptive motion-compensated filtering of noisy image sequences. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology 3 4 277--290.","DOI":"10.1109\/76.257217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01189221"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vis.4340030106"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"Modeling watercolor by simulating diffusion, pigment, and paper fibers","volume":"1460","author":"Small D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Small , D. 1991 . Modeling watercolor by simulating diffusion, pigment, and paper fibers . In SPIE , vol. 1460 , 140 -- 146 . Small, D. 1991. Modeling watercolor by simulating diffusion, pigment, and paper fibers. In SPIE, vol. 1460, 140--146.","journal-title":"SPIE"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311548"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CGI.2004.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.334981"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015763"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141918"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1142018"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1276377.1276507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1276377.1276507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:58:04Z","timestamp":1750258684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1276377.1276507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1276377.1276507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1276377.1276507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0730-0301"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7368"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-07-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}