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We develop a simple control strategy that can be used to generate a large variety of gaits and styles in real-time, including walking in all directions (forwards, backwards, sideways, turning), running, skipping, and hopping. Controllers can be authored using a small number of parameters, or their construction can be informed by motion capture data. The controllers are applied to 2D and 3D physically-simulated character models. Their robustness is demonstrated with respect to pushes in all directions, unexpected steps and slopes, and unexpected variations in kinematic and dynamic parameters. Direct transitions between controllers are demonstrated as well as parameterized control of changes in direction and speed. Feedback-error learning is applied to learn predictive torque models, which allows for the low-gain control that typifies many natural motions as well as producing smoother simulated motion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1189777495000},"page":"105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":333,"title":["SIMBICON"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"KangKang","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Loken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"van de Panne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/225294.225295"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1999.772454"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383287"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258822"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218414"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1991.131936"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Honda Motor Co. 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