{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:15:09Z","timestamp":1771042509671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,28]],"date-time":"2007-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMIS Database"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Wide Web is a dominant global communication medium and knowledge repository. It is used by a great number of people with a variety of computer skills hence its usability is critical. As with many large information collections, the challenge with web usability is understanding the structure of a collection of information objects (web pages) to find relevant ones for satisfying a specific information need. Web sites are organized in a hyperlinked structure that somewhat addresses this challenge. However, this \"connectedness\" also causes the now well-known \"lost in cyberspace\" phenomenon where one may get confused within the complex organization of a web site. Meanwhile, information exploration on the web is not limited to browsing a web site. The problem of finding relevant information applies to a collection of pages that come from various web sites as in the case of the results of a \"less than perfectly constructed\" search query.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Information visualization has been proposed as a way to cope with these problems by taking advantage of people's innate perceptual skills to support their cognitive skills. Many paradigms have been proposed for the visual presentation of web spaces (i.e. structured or unstructured collection of web pages). This study surveys these paradigms to provide a map of where the research in this field is, and what directions future research and practice can take. For this, we introduce a classification scheme to help in the systematic understanding of web visualization and for providing a framework for the development of future visualizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1278253.1278260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1189777495000},"page":"51-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Visualization of web spaces"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Turetken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Sharda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354401.354771"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"A Visualization System for Web Local Search,\" International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV2000)","author":"Angelaccio M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Angelaccio , M. , and Buttarazzi , B . ( 2000 ). \" A Visualization System for Web Local Search,\" International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV2000) , London, England . pp. Angelaccio, M., and Buttarazzi, B. (2000). \"A Visualization System for Web Local Search,\" International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV2000), London, England. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Displaying Data in Multidimensional Relevance Spacewith 2D Visualization Maps,\" 8th IEEE Visualization '97 Conference","author":"Assa J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Assa , J. , Cohen-Or , D. , and Milo , T . ( 1997 ). \" Displaying Data in Multidimensional Relevance Spacewith 2D Visualization Maps,\" 8th IEEE Visualization '97 Conference , pp. 127 -- 134 . Assa, J., Cohen-Or, D., and Milo, T. (1997). \"Displaying Data in Multidimensional Relevance Spacewith 2D Visualization Maps,\" 8th IEEE Visualization '97 Conference, pp. 127--134."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web,\" Fourth International World Wide Web Conference","author":"Ayers E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ayers , E. , and Stasko , J . ( 1995 ). \" Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web,\" Fourth International World Wide Web Conference , Boston, MA . pp. Ayers, E., and Stasko, J. (1995). \"Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web,\" Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258563"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cheops: a Compact Explorer for Complex Hierarchies","author":"Beaudoin L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beaudoin , L. , Parent , M. -A. , and Vroomen , L. C. ( 1996 ). \" Cheops: a Compact Explorer for Complex Hierarchies ,\" Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization , pp. 87 --ff. Beaudoin, L., Parent, M. -A., and Vroomen, L. C. (1996). \"Cheops: a Compact Explorer for Complex Hierarchies,\" Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization, pp. 87--ff.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192426.192435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(99)00045-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7552(97)00094-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/146802.146826"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/262793.262814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Applying Information Visualization Techniques to Web Navigation,\" Dissertation Proposal","author":"Brautigam M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brautigam , M. ( 1996 ). \" Applying Information Visualization Techniques to Web Navigation,\" Dissertation Proposal . University of California - Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA . Brautigam, M. (1996). \"Applying Information Visualization Techniques to Web Navigation,\" Dissertation Proposal. University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"993","volume-title":"Measuring the Web,\" Fifth International World Wide Web Conference","author":"Bray T.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bray , T. ( 1996 ). \" Measuring the Web,\" Fifth International World Wide Web Conference , Paris, France . pp. 993 -- 1005 . Bray, T. (1996). \"Measuring the Web,\" Fifth International World Wide Web Conference, Paris, France. pp. 993--1005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Lookmark: A 2.5D Web Information Visualization System,\" Proceedings of Eurasia - ICT","author":"Breiteneder C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Breiteneder , C. , Eidenberger , H. , Fiedler , G. , and Raab , M . ( 2002 ). \" Lookmark: A 2.5D Web Information Visualization System,\" Proceedings of Eurasia - ICT , Tehran, Iran . pp. Breiteneder, C., Eidenberger, H., Fiedler, G., and Raab, M. (2002). \"Lookmark: A 2.5D Web Information Visualization System,\" Proceedings of Eurasia - ICT, Tehran, Iran. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"The Structure of the Information Visualization Design Space,\" Information Visualization '97","author":"Card S. K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Card , S. K. , and Mackinlay , J. D . ( 1997 ). \" The Structure of the Information Visualization Design Space,\" Information Visualization '97 , pp. Card, S. K., and Mackinlay, J. D. (1997). \"The Structure of the Information Visualization Design Space,\" Information Visualization '97, pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","article-title":"The Model Human Processor: An Engineering Model of Human Performance","author":"Card S. K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Card , S. K. , Moran , T. P. , and A., N. ( 1986 ). \" The Model Human Processor: An Engineering Model of Human Performance ,\" In Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Ed. J. W. a. Sons. New York, New York, 1--35. Card, S. K., Moran, T. P., and A., N. (1986). \"The Model Human Processor: An Engineering Model of Human Performance,\" In Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Ed. J. W. a. Sons. New York, New York, 1--35.","journal-title":"Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Ed. J. W. a. Sons. New York, New York, 1--35."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/238386.238446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Santa Clara CA.","author":"Carriere J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carriere , J. , and Kazman , R . ( 1997 ). \" WebQuery: Searching and Visualizing the Web through Connectivity,\" WWW6 , Santa Clara CA. pp. Carriere, J., and Kazman, R. (1997). \"WebQuery: Searching and Visualizing the Web through Connectivity,\" WWW6, Santa Clara CA. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/265563.265573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/379437.379454"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/267437.267456"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/274644.274699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2005.11045821"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/347090.347129"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/133160.133214"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/302979.303158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"WebMap - A Graphical Hypertext Navigation Tool,\" Second International World Wide Web Conference","author":"Doemel P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Doemel , P. ( 1994 ). \" WebMap - A Graphical Hypertext Navigation Tool,\" Second International World Wide Web Conference , Chicago, IL . pp. Doemel, P. (1994). \"WebMap - A Graphical Hypertext Navigation Tool,\" Second International World Wide Web Conference, Chicago, IL. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/276627.276635"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/32.3.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"CZWeb: Fish-Eye Views for Visualizing the World-Wide Web","author":"Fisher B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fisher , B. , Agelidis , M. , Dill , J. , Tan , P. , Collaud , G. , and Jones , C. ( 1997 ). \" CZWeb: Fish-Eye Views for Visualizing the World-Wide Web .,\" HCI International , pp. 719 -- 722 . Fisher, B., Agelidis, M., Dill, J., Tan, P., Collaud, G., and Jones, C. (1997). \"CZWeb: Fish-Eye Views for Visualizing the World-Wide Web.,\" HCI International, pp. 719--722.","journal-title":"HCI International"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:7%3C616::AID-ASI6%3E3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/647341.721079"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/22627.22342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258549.258800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"WebMap: Concept mapping on the Web.,\" Fourth International World Wide Web Conference","author":"Gaines B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gaines , B. , and Shaw , M . ( 1995 ). \" WebMap: Concept mapping on the Web.,\" Fourth International World Wide Web Conference ., Boston, MA . pp. Gaines, B., and Shaw, M. (1995). \"WebMap: Concept mapping on the Web.,\" Fourth International World Wide Web Conference., Boston, MA. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Gershon N. Winstead J. Levasseur J. Croll J. Pernick A. and Ruh W. 1995. \"Visualizing World Wide Web Information Resources.\"  Gershon N. Winstead J. Levasseur J. Croll J. Pernick A. and Ruh W. 1995. \"Visualizing World Wide Web Information Resources.\""},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Girardin L. 1995. \"Cyberspace Geography Visualization - Mapping the World-Wide Web to help people find their way in cyberspace.\"  Girardin L. 1995. \"Cyberspace Geography Visualization - Mapping the World-Wide Web to help people find their way in cyberspace.\""},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvlc.1998.0087"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(99)00018-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"228","volume-title":"CASCON'95","author":"Hasan M.","unstructured":"Hasan , M. , Golovchinsky , G. , Noik , E. , Charoenkitkarn , N. , Chignell , M. , Mendelzon , A. , and Modjeska , D . (1995a). \"Browsing Local and Global Information,\" Proc . CASCON'95 , Toronto, Canada. pp. 228 -- 240 . Hasan, M., Golovchinsky, G., Noik, E., Charoenkitkarn, N., Chignell, M., Mendelzon, A., and Modjeska, D. (1995a). \"Browsing Local and Global Information,\" Proc. CASCON'95, Toronto, Canada. pp. 228--240."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Visual Web surfing with Hy+,\" CASCON'95","author":"Hasan M. Z.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hasan , M. Z. , Golovchinsky , G. , Noik , E. G. , Charoenkitkam , N. , Chignell , M. , Mendelzon , A. O. , and Modjeska , D . ( 1995 b). \" Visual Web surfing with Hy+,\" CASCON'95 , Toronto . pp. Hasan, M. Z., Golovchinsky, G., Noik, E. G., Charoenkitkam, N., Chignell, M., Mendelzon, A. O., and Modjeska, D. (1995b). \"Visual Web surfing with Hy+,\" CASCON'95, Toronto. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/205323.376383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.841119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/276627.276634"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/208981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/209106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Creating a Web Analysis and Visualization Environment,\" Second International WWW Conference","author":"Kent R. E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kent , R. E. , and Neuss , C . ( 1994 ). \" Creating a Web Analysis and Visualization Environment,\" Second International WWW Conference , pp. Kent, R. E., and Neuss, C. (1994). \"Creating a Web Analysis and Visualization Environment,\" Second International WWW Conference, pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Kochevar P. and Wanger L. 1995. \"Prototype System Provides Three-dimensional Interface to the World Wide Web.\"  Kochevar P. and Wanger L. 1995. \"Prototype System Provides Three-dimensional Interface to the World Wide Web.\""},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/257089.257389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/223904.223956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/122860.122887"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/511446.511536"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/108844.108870"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/223904.223913"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/508791.508942"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/336296.336346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/259963.260497"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/217306.217311"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/286498.286664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/267437.267458"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"CA.","author":"Nigay L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nigay , L. , Vernier , F. , and the, P. p. f. ( 1998 ). \" Navigational Interaction Techniques in the Search Results Space,\" CHI98 workshop on Innovation and Evaluation in Information Exploration Interfaces, Berkeley , CA. , pp. Nigay, L., Vernier, F., and the, P. p. f. (1998). \"Navigational Interaction Techniques in the Search Results Space,\" CHI98 workshop on Innovation and Evaluation in Information Exploration Interfaces, Berkeley, CA., pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/168750.168823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Visualizing Search Results: User Interface Development for the Project Envision Database of Computer Science Literature","volume":"1993","author":"Nowell L. T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nowell , L. T. , and Hix , D. ( 1993 ). \" Visualizing Search Results: User Interface Development for the Project Envision Database of Computer Science Literature ,\" Human-Computer Interaction Conference International 1993 , pp. 56 -- 61 . Nowell, L. T., and Hix, D. (1993). \"Visualizing Search Results: User Interface Development for the Project Envision Database of Computer Science Literature,\" Human-Computer Interaction Conference International 1993, pp. 56--61.","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction Conference International"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/504502.504522"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/606658.606660"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/238386.238450"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/238386.238489"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","volume-title":"WebViz: A Tool for World Wide Web Access Log Analysis,\" the First International World Wide Web Conference","author":"Pitkow J. E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pitkow , J. E. , and Bharat , K. A . ( 1994 ). \" WebViz: A Tool for World Wide Web Access Log Analysis,\" the First International World Wide Web Conference ,, Geneva, Switzerland . pp. Pitkow, J. E., and Bharat, K. A. (1994). \"WebViz: A Tool for World Wide Web Access Log Analysis,\" the First International World Wide Web Conference,, Geneva, Switzerland. pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/205323.205326"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"3rd Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS '93)","author":"Rekimoto J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rekimoto , J. , Green , M. ( 1993 ). \" The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3d Information Visualization,\" Proc . 3rd Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS '93) , pp. 125 -- 132 . Rekimoto, J., Green, M. (1993). \"The Information Cube: Using Transparency in 3d Information Visualization,\" Proc. 3rd Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems (WITS '93), pp. 125--132."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/175235.175242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/255950.153577"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","volume-title":"Diffusion of Innovations","author":"Rogers E., M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rogers , E., M. ( 1995 ). Diffusion of Innovations , (Fourth ed.) The Free Press, New York, 1995., New York , New York : The Free Press . Rogers, E., M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations, (Fourth ed.) The Free Press, New York, 1995., New York, New York: The Free Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/276675.276746"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","volume-title":"A Site Map for Visualizing Both a Web Site's Structure and Keywords,\" Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics","author":"Sakairi T.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sakairi , T. ( 1999 ). \" A Site Map for Visualizing Both a Web Site's Structure and Keywords,\" Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics , pp. Sakairi, T. (1999). \"A Site Map for Visualizing Both a Web Site's Structure and Keywords,\" Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics, pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","volume-title":"Automatic Text Processing: The Transformation, Analysis, and Retrieval of Information by Computer","author":"Salton G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Salton , G. ( 1989 ). Automatic Text Processing: The Transformation, Analysis, and Retrieval of Information by Computer , Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley . Salton, G. (1989). Automatic Text Processing: The Transformation, Analysis, and Retrieval of Information by Computer, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/294469.294498"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.329404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations","author":"Shneiderman B.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shneiderman , B. ( 1996 ). \" The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations ,\" IEEE Visual Languages, Boulder, CO. pp. 336 -- 343 . Shneiderman, B. (1996). \"The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations,\" IEEE Visual Languages, Boulder, CO. pp. 336--343.","journal-title":"IEEE Visual Languages, Boulder, CO."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction","author":"Shneiderman B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shneiderman , B. ( 1997 ). Designing The User Interface , Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction , Reading, MA : Addison Wesley . Shneiderman, B. (1997). Designing The User Interface, Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction, Reading, MA: Addison Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/310641.310644"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(03)00047-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/941572.941579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(88)90027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"Nicheworks - Interactive Visualization of Very Large Graphs.,\" Graph Drawing '97 Conference","author":"Wills G. J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wills , G. J. ( 1997 ). \" Nicheworks - Interactive Visualization of Very Large Graphs.,\" Graph Drawing '97 Conference , pp. Wills, G. J. (1997). \"Nicheworks - Interactive Visualization of Very Large Graphs.,\" Graph Drawing '97 Conference, pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249668"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1278253.1278260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1278253.1278260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:52:27Z","timestamp":1750258347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1278253.1278260"}},"subtitle":["state of the art and future directions"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,28]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1278253.1278260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1278253.1278260","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-0033","1532-0936"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0095-0033","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-0936","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-07-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}