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We propose a novel design exploration method that exploits the duality of time- and resource-constrained scheduling problems. Our exploration automatically constructs a time\/area tradeoff curve in a fast, effective manner. It is a general approach and can be combined with any high-quality scheduling algorithm. In our work, we use the max-min ant colony optimization technique to solve both time- and resource-constrained scheduling problems. Our algorithm provides significant solution-quality savings (average 17.3% reduction of resource counts) with similar runtime compared to using force-directed scheduling exhaustively at every time step. It also scales well across a comprehensive benchmark suite constructed with classic and real-life samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1278349.1278359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,14]],"date-time":"2007-10-14T12:41:11Z","timestamp":1192365671000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Exploring time\/resource trade-offs by solving dual scheduling problems with the ant colony optimization"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA"}]},{"given":"Wenrui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mentor Graphics, Wilsonville, OR"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Derenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Kastner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Aigner G. 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MOGAC: A multiobjective genetic algorithm for the co-synthesis of hardware-software embedded systems . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM Conference on Computer Aided Design, 522--529 . Dick, R. P. and Jha, N. K. 1997. MOGAC: A multiobjective genetic algorithm for the co-synthesis of hardware-software embedded systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM Conference on Computer Aided Design, 522--529."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Design and Automation Conference (DAC). IEEE Computer Society Press","author":"Dutta R.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Dutta , R. , Roy , J. , and Vemuri , R . 1992. Distributed design-space exploration for high-level synthesis systems . In Proceedings of the Design and Automation Conference (DAC). IEEE Computer Society Press , Los Alamitos, CA, 644--650. Dutta, R., Roy, J., and Vemuri, R. 1992. Distributed design-space exploration for high-level synthesis systems. 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MediaBench: A tool for evaluating and synthesizing multimedia and communicatons systems. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM\/IEEE International Symposium on Microarchitecture."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/250243.250245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"LYCOS: The Lyngby co-synthesis system","volume":"2","author":"Madsen J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Madsen , J. , Grode , J. , Knudsen , P. V. , Petersen , M. E. , and Haxthausen , A. 1997 . LYCOS: The Lyngby co-synthesis system . Des. Autom. Embedded Syst. 2 , 2 (Mar.), 125--63. Madsen, J., Grode, J., Knudsen, P. V., Petersen, M. E., and Haxthausen, A. 1997. LYCOS: The Lyngby co-synthesis system. Des. Autom. Embedded Syst. 2, 2 (Mar.), 125--63.","journal-title":"Des. Autom. 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