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Second, we describe how specialization approaches used in other domains including OS, compiler and programming languages can be applied to address middleware generality challenges. Third, we present preliminary results from the application of our specialization techniques. Our results illustrate that specialization techniques represent a promising approach for minimizing time\/space overheads in middleware.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1279711.1279715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,14]],"date-time":"2007-09-14T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1189777495000},"page":"13-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards highly optimized real-time middleware for software product-line architectures"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Arvind S.","family":"Krishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN"}]},{"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh Prasad","family":"Ranganath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computing and Information Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hatcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Computing and Information Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th Annual Software Technology Conference","author":"Sharp D. 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Sperber, \"Program Generation With Class,\" in Informatik'97, Aachen, Germany, September 1997 (M. Jarke, K. Pasedach, and K. Pohl, eds.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications","author":"Czarnecki K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"{8} K. Czarnecki and U. Eisenecker , Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications . Boston : Addison-Wesley , 2000 . {8} K. Czarnecki and U. Eisenecker, Generative Programming: Methods, Tools, and Applications. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"{9} P. Andersen \"Partial Evaluation Applied to Ray Tracing \" DIKU Research Report 95\/2 DIKU 1995.  {9} P. 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Schmidt, \"The Design and Performance of Meta-Programming Mechanisms for Object Request Broker Middleware,\" in Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Object-Oriented Technologies and Systems, (San Antonio, TX), pp. 103-118, USENIX, Jan\/Feb 2000."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1014007.1014014"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGBED Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1279711.1279715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1279711.1279715","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:51:33Z","timestamp":1750258293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1279711.1279715"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1279711.1279715"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1279711.1279715","relation":{},"ISSN":["1551-3688"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1551-3688"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}