{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:38:48Z","timestamp":1750307928905,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Appl. Percept."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            This paper develops and demonstrates an original approach to face-image analysis based on identifying distinctive areas of each individual's face by its comparison to others in the population. The method differs from most others\u2014that we refer as\n            <jats:italic>unary<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2014where salient regions are defined by analyzing only images of the same individual. We extract a set of multiscale patches from each face image before projecting them into a common feature space. The degree of \u201cdistinctiveness\u201d of any patch depends on its distance in feature space from patches mapped from other individuals. First a pairwise analysis is developed and then a simple generalization to the multiple-face case is proposed. A perceptual experiment, involving 45 observers, indicates the method to be fairly compatible with how humans mark faces as distinct. A quantitative example of face authentication is also performed in order to show the essential role played by the distinctive information. A comparative analysis shows that performance of our n-ary approach is as good as several contemporary unary, or binary, methods, while tapping a complementary source of information. Furthermore, we show it can also provide a useful degree of illumination invariance.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1279920.1279925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,15]],"date-time":"2008-05-15T18:28:05Z","timestamp":1210876085000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Distinctiveness of faces"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Manuele","family":"Bicego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lagorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deir\u2014University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Brelstaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRS4, Polaris, Pula, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Brodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dsl\u2014University of Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Tistarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dap\u2014University of Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598229"},{"volume":"4","volume-title":"Proc. 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