{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:26:56Z","timestamp":1761611216556,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Web service discovery is one of the main applications of semantic Web services, which extend standard Web services with semantic annotations. Current discovery solutions were developed in the context of automatic service composition. Thus, the \u201cclient\u201d of the discovery procedure is an automated computer program rather than a human, with little, if any, tolerance to inexact results. However, in the real world, services which might be semantically distanced from each other are glued together using manual coding. In this article, we propose a new retrieval model for semantic Web services, with the objective of simplifying service discovery for human users. The model relies on simple and extensible keyword-based query language and enables efficient retrieval of approximate results, including approximate service compositions. Since representing all possible compositions and all approximate concept references can result in an exponentially-sized index, we investigate clustering methods to provide a scalable mechanism for service indexing. Results of experiments, designed to evaluate our indexing and query methods, show that satisfactory approximate search is feasible with efficient processing time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1294148.1294150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1196432698000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A semantic approach to approximate service retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Eran","family":"Toch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avigdor","family":"Gal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Reinhartz-Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haifa University, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dov","family":"Dori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Workshop (SWWS), 411--430","year":"2001","author":"Ankolekar A.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Bechhofer S. van Harmelen F. Hendler J. Horrocks I. McGuinness D. Patel-Schneider P. and Stein L. 2004. OWL web ontology language reference. W3c candidate recommendation W3C.  Bechhofer S. van Harmelen F. Hendler J. Horrocks I. McGuinness D. Patel-Schneider P. and Stein L. 2004. OWL web ontology language reference. W3c candidate recommendation W3C."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), VLDB Endowment, 343--354","author":"Beeri C.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Bellwood T. Clement L. Ehnebuske D. Hately A. Hondo M. Husband Y. Januszewski K. Lee S. B. M. Munter J. and von Riegen C. 2002. Tech. Rep. UDDI version 3.0. http:\/\/www.uddi.org\/.  Bellwood T. Clement L. Ehnebuske D. Hately A. Hondo M. Husband Y. Januszewski K. Lee S. B. M. Munter J. and von Riegen C. 2002. Tech. Rep. UDDI version 3.0. http:\/\/www.uddi.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernstein A. Kaufmann E. Bu''rki C. and Klein M. 2005. How similar is it&quest; Towards personalized similarity measures in ontologies. Int. Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik 7.  Bernstein A. Kaufmann E. Bu''rki C. and Klein M. 2005. How similar is it&quest; Towards personalized similarity measures in ontologies. Int. Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik 7.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-7908-1624-8_71"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141277.1141675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025542915514"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Christensen E. F. Meredith G. and Weerawarana S. 2001. Web services description language (WSDL) 1.1. Specification document W3C. March.  Christensen E. F. Meredith G. and Weerawarana S. 2001. Web services description language (WSDL) 1.1. Specification document W3C. March."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB).","author":"Do H.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence ECAI, 333--337","author":"Euzenat J.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic ontology matching using application semantics","volume":"26","author":"Gal A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Description Logics.","author":"Grau B.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2004.1260701"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International, AAAI Fall Symposium on Agents and the Semantic Web AAAI Press.","author":"Klusch M.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1"},{"volume":"3250","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS). 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