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This emerging technology combines electronics with biology to open new application areas such as point-of-care diagnosis, on-chip DNA analysis, and automated drug discovery. We propose a design automation method for pin-constrained biochips that manipulate nanoliter volumes of discrete droplets on a microfluidic array. In contrast to the direct-addressing scheme that has been studied thus far in the literature, we assign a small number of independent control pins to a large number of electrodes in the biochip, thereby reducing design complexity and product cost. The design procedure relies on a droplet-trace-based array partitioning scheme and an efficient pin assignment technique, referred to as the \u201cConnect-5 algorithm.\u201d The proposed method is evaluated using a set of multiplexed bioassays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1295231.1295235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1196432698000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Automated design of pin-constrained digital microfluidic biochips under droplet-interference constraints"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's College, University of Oxford"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intel Corporation"}]},{"given":"Krishnendu","family":"Chakrabarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, NC"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/800262.809144"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1116696.1116698"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE MEMS Conference. 32--52","author":"Cho S. 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Protein stamping for MALDI mass spectrometry using an electrowetting-based microfluidic platform. In Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5591, 26--32."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD.2004.1382576"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1065579.1065797"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1142980.1142987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2005.855956"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE) Conference. 323--328","author":"Su F.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Su , F. , William , H. , and Chakrabarty , K . 2006. Droplet routing in the synthesis of digital microfluidic biochips . In Proceedings of Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE) Conference. 323--328 . Su, F., William, H., and Chakrabarty, K. 2006. Droplet routing in the synthesis of digital microfluidic biochips. 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