{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:27:04Z","timestamp":1764858424807,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,1]],"date-time":"1998-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":907200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There are currently several commercial Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems under development that will provide worldwide voice, data, facsimile, and paging services. This article presents a performance analysis of the IRIDIUM\u00ae LEO satellite system, as several satellites become non-operational. The analysis is conducted using a computer simulation of the system. First, it examines the system's capability to meet real-time communications constraints of end-to-end delay and packet rejection rate with non-operational satellites. Then, it examines the effects of these non-operational satellites on a user's ability to access the network. The analysis is conducted at low, medium and high traffic loading levels with both uniform and non-uniform traffic distributions. The results indicate that the IRIDIUM\u00ae system is capable of providing real-time voice communications with several non-operational satellites. Both the loading level and the traffic distribution have a significant effect on the performance of the system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1321400.1321404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1196432698000},"page":"54-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A performance analysis of the IRIDIUM\u00ae low earth orbit satellite system with a degraded satellite constellation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Carl E.","family":"Fossa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Raines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH"}]},{"given":"Gregg H.","family":"Gunsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"155","volume":"35","author":"Adams W. S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"{Ada87} Adams , W. S. and Rider , L., \"Circular Polar Constellations Providing Continuous Single or Multiple Coverage Above a Specified Latitude ,\" The Journal of Astronautical Sciences , Vol. 35 , No. 2 April-June 1987 , pp. 155 -- 192 . {Ada87} Adams, W. S. and Rider, L., \"Circular Polar Constellations Providing Continuous Single or Multiple Coverage Above a Specified Latitude,\" The Journal of Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 2 April-June 1987, pp. 155--192.","journal-title":"The Journal of Astronautical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.345862"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"61","volume":"14","author":"Brunt Overview","year":"1996","unstructured":"{Bru96} P Brunt , \"IRIDIUM\u00ae - Overview and Status ,\" Space Communications , Vol. 14 , No. 2 , 1996 , pp. 61 -- 68 . {Bru96} P Brunt, \"IRIDIUM\u00ae - Overview and Status,\" Space Communications, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1996, pp. 61--68.","journal-title":"Space Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"97","volume":"11","author":"Comparetto A Technical","year":"1993","unstructured":"{Com93} Gary M. Comparetto , \" A Technical Comparison of Several Global Mobile Satellite Communications Systems ,\" Space Communications , Vol. 11 , No. 2 , 1993 , pp. 97 -- 104 . {Com93} Gary M. Comparetto, \"A Technical Comparison of Several Global Mobile Satellite Communications Systems,\" Space Communications, Vol. 11, No. 2, 1993, pp. 97--104.","journal-title":"Space Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference","author":"Geaghan Bernard","unstructured":"{Gea96} Geaghan , Bernard and Yuan , Raymond , \"Communications to High Latitudes Using Commercial Low Earth Orbit Satellites ,\" Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference , pp. 407 -- 415 . {Gea96} Geaghan, Bernard and Yuan, Raymond, \"Communications to High Latitudes Using Commercial Low Earth Orbit Satellites,\" Proceedings of the 1996 Tactical Communications Conference, pp. 407--415."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.580922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"{Kel96} Keller Harald and Salzwedel Horst \"Link Strategy for the Mobile Satellite System Iridium \" 1996 IEEE 46th Vehicular Technology Conference Vol. 2 pp. 1220--1224. {Kel96} Keller Harald and Salzwedel Horst \"Link Strategy for the Mobile Satellite System Iridium \" 1996 IEEE 46 th Vehicular Technology Conference Vol. 2 pp. 1220--1224.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETEC.1996.501506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"30","volume-title":"The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis","author":"Jain Raj","year":"1991","unstructured":"{Jai91} Jain , Raj , The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis , John Wiley and Sons, Inc. , New York , 1991 pp. 30 -- 33 . {Jai91} Jain, Raj, The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1991 pp. 30--33."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Master's Thesis, School of Electrical Engineering","author":"Stenger Douglas K","year":"1996","unstructured":"{Ste96} Stenger , Douglas K . , Survivability Analysis of the Iridium Low Earth Orbit Satellite Network , Master's Thesis, School of Electrical Engineering , Air Force Institute of Technology , 1996 . {Ste96} Stenger, Douglas K., Survivability Analysis of the Iridium Low Earth Orbit Satellite Network, Master's Thesis, School of Electrical Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, 1996."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1321400.1321404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1321400.1321404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:56:32Z","timestamp":1750254992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1321400.1321404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1321400.1321404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1321400.1321404","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1931-1222"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1998-10-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}