{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:36:42Z","timestamp":1750307802157,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,1]],"date-time":"1999-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":915148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although our knowledge regarding the health effects of RF radiation has increased considerably, it has become a focus of attention because of the accelerated use of RF radiation for wireless communication over the past few years. This article gives a brief summary of the biological effects and health aspects of RF radiation from mobile and personal communication devices. In future articles we will deal with some of the issues raised here, such as DNA and gene expression, cancer induction and promotion, impact of modulation schemes, human studies, as well as new developments in guidelines for safety protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1321414.1321422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,30]],"date-time":"2007-11-30T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1196432698000},"page":"14-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Health aspects of wireless communication"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"James C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90398-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1972.01000030261006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020267003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:3<237::AID-BEM6>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222739.1968.11688664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.387852"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250060312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250130605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1966.10664332"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1965.10664195"},{"volume-title":"In: Population Cytogenetics","year":"1977","author":"Cohen B. H.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Microwave heating of the uterine wall during parturition","volume":"42","author":"Daels J.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Obstet. Gyneocol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009025"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Auditory system response to radio frequency energy","volume":"32","author":"Frey A. H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Aerospace Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.181.4097.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Gandhi O. M. ed. 1990 Biological Effects and Medical Applications of EM Fields Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs NJ.  Gandhi O. M. ed. 1990 Biological Effects and Medical Applications of EM Fields Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250050305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008768"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(82)90162-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1975.1128606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hocking B. I. R. Gordon H. L. Grain and G. E. Hatfield 1996 Cancer incidence and mortality and proximity to TV towers Medical Journal of Australia; 165:601--605. Also 1997 166:80.  Hocking B. I. R. Gordon H. L. Grain and G. E. Hatfield 1996 Cancer incidence and mortality and proximity to TV towers Medical Journal of Australia; 165:601--605. Also 1997 166:80.","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1996.tb138661.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Kamimura Y. K. Saito T. Saiga 1994 Effects of 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation on monkey eyes. IEICE Trans Communications E77:762--765.  Kamimura Y. K. Saito T. Saiga 1994 Effects of 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation on monkey eyes. IEICE Trans Communications E77:762--765."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35992.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Acute microwave irradiation and cataract formation in rabbits and monkeys","volume":"11","author":"Kramar P. O.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Microwave Power"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kues H. A. L. W. Hirst G. A. Lutty S. A. D\"Anna and G. R. Dunkelberger 1985 Effects of 2.45 GHz microwaves on primate corneal endothelium Bioelectromagnetics 8:177--188.  Kues H. A. L. W. Hirst G. A. Lutty S. A. D\"Anna and G. R. Dunkelberger 1985 Effects of 2.45 GHz microwaves on primate corneal endothelium Bioelectromagnetics 8:177--188.","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250060209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250130505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuster N. Q. Balzano and J. C. Lin 1997 Mobile Communications Safety Chapman and Hall London UK.  Kuster N. Q. Balzano and J. C. Lin 1997 Mobile Communications Safety Chapman and Hall London UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1205-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250160309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/095530096145814"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:6<446::AID-BEM7>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Lilienfeld A. M. J. Tonascia S. Tonascia C. H. Libauer G. M. Canthen J. A. Markowitz and S. Weida 1978. \"Foreign Service Health Status Study: Evaluation of health status of foreign service and other employees from selected Eastern European posts \" Final Rept NTIS PB 288 Dept of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Univ.  Lilienfeld A. M. J. Tonascia S. Tonascia C. H. Libauer G. M. Canthen J. A. Markowitz and S. Weida 1978. \"Foreign Service Health Status Study: Evaluation of health status of foreign service and other employees from selected Eastern European posts \" Final Rept NTIS PB 288 Dept of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Univ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Lin J. C. 1978 Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications C.C. Thomas Springfield IL.  Lin J. C. 1978 Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications C.C. Thomas Springfield IL."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Health aspects of radio and microwave radiation","volume":"2","author":"Lin J. C.","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. of Env. Pathol. Toxicol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.1979.11689163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250010307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3575686"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250090205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin J. C. ed. 1989 Electromagnetic Interaction with Biological Systems Plenum Press New York  Lin J. C. ed. 1989 Electromagnetic Interaction with Biological Systems Plenum Press New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-8059-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Lin J. C. 1990 \"Auditory perception of pulsed microwave radiation \" In: Biological Effects and Medical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields O. M. Gandhi ed. Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs NJ 277--318.  Lin J. C. 1990 \"Auditory perception of pulsed microwave radiation \" In: Biological Effects and Medical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields O. M. Gandhi ed. Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs NJ 277--318."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin J. C. ed. 1994 Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol. 1 Plenum New York.  Lin J. C. ed. 1994 Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol. 1 Plenum New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2542-4_1"},{"volume-title":"In: Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields, Polk","year":"1996","author":"Lin J. C.","key":"e_1_2_1_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Lin J. C. ed. 1997 Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol. 2 Plenum New York.  Lin J. C. ed. 1997 Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol. 2 Plenum New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019198426770"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"666","article-title":"Investigation of a childhood leukemia cluster near low frequency radio towers in Hawaii","volume":"138","author":"Maskarinec G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michaelson S. M. and J. C. Lin 1987 Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radio Frequency Radiation Plenum New York.  Michaelson S. M. and J. C. Lin 1987 Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radio Frequency Radiation Plenum New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4614-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114790"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(91)90068-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250070408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250110402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90726-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Paulsen K. D. 1997 \"Computational bioelectromagnetics: Modeling methods for macroscopic tissue interaction \" Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol. 2 J. C. Lin ed. Plenum New York 63--128.  Paulsen K. D. 1997 \"Computational bioelectromagnetics: Modeling methods for macroscopic tissue interaction \" Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems vol. 2 J. C. Lin ed. Plenum New York 63--128."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(98)00074-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Polk C. and E. Postow eds. 1996 Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields CRC Press Boca Raton FL.  Polk C. and E. Postow eds. 1996 Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields CRC Press Boca Raton FL."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90807-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3579630"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199605000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(93)80090-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(93)80088-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070270608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90364-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"Radiation exposure in parents of children with Mongolism","volume":"117","author":"Sigler A. T.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1980.11585"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1997)18:3<230::AID-BEM5>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RS014i06Sp00329"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250030202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(95)04915-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403734"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250060205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(84)90021-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu R. Y. H. Chiang B. J. Shao N. G. Li and Y. D. Fu 1994 Effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation and phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate on Dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice Bioelectromagnetics 15:531--538.  Wu R. Y. H. Chiang B. J. Shao N. G. Li and Y. D. Fu 1994 Effects of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation and phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate on Dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in mice Bioelectromagnetics 15:531--538.","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250150606"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1321414.1321422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1321414.1321422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:56:32Z","timestamp":1750254992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1321414.1321422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1321414.1321422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1321414.1321422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1931-1222"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}