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Process."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present an approach for extracting relations between named entities from natural language documents. The approach is based solely on shallow linguistic processing, such as tokenization, sentence splitting, part-of-speech tagging, and lemmatization. It uses a combination of kernel functions to integrate two different information sources: (i) the whole sentence where the relation appears, and (ii) the local contexts around the interacting entities. We present the results of experiments on extracting five different types of relations from a dataset of newswire documents and show that each information source provides a useful contribution to the recognition task. Usually the combined kernel significantly increases the precision with respect to the basic kernels, sometimes at the cost of a slightly lower recall. Moreover, we performed a set of experiments to assess the influence of the accuracy of named-entity recognition on the performance of the relation-extraction algorithm. Such experiments were performed using both the correct named entities (i.e., those manually annotated in the corpus) and the noisy named entities (i.e., those produced by a machine learning-based named-entity recognizer). The results show that our approach significantly improves the previous results obtained on the same dataset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1322391.1322393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,3]],"date-time":"2008-01-03T18:20:10Z","timestamp":1199384410000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Relation extraction and the influence of automatic named-entity recognition"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FBK-irst, Povo (TN), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Lavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FBK-irst, Povo (TN), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenza","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FBK-irst, Povo (TN), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2004.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220575.1220666"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Bunescu R.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007733"},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to Support Vector Machines","author":"Cristianini N.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1218955.1219009"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Cunningham H.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Efron B. and Tibshirani R. 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