{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:38:19Z","timestamp":1750307899034,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Technologies R&D Program of China","award":["2006BAH03B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006BAH03B02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2006AA01Z194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006AA01Z194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6.06E+15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6.06E+15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Named entity (NE) translation is a fundamental task in multilingual natural language processing. The performance of a machine translation system depends heavily on precise translation of the inclusive NEs. Furthermore, organization name (ON) is the most complex NE for translation among all the NEs. In this article, the structure formulation of ONs is investigated and a hierarchical structure-based ON translation model for Chinese-to-English translation system is presented.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>First, the model performs ON chunking; then both the translation of words within chunks and the process of chunk-reordering are achieved by synchronous context-free grammar (CFG). The CFG rules are extracted from bilingual ON pairs in a training program.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>The main contributions of this article are: (1) defining appropriate chunk-units for analyzing the internal structure of Chinese ONs; (2) making the chunk-based ON translation feasible and flexible via a hierarchical CFG derivation; and (3) proposing a training architecture to automatically learn the synchronous CFG for constructing ONs with chunk-units from aligned bilingual ON pairs. The experiments show that the proposed approach translates the Chinese ONs into English with an accuracy of 93.75% and significantly improves the performance of a baseline statistical machine translation (SMT) system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1330291.1330292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]],"date-time":"2008-02-08T15:32:16Z","timestamp":1202484736000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Structure-Based Model for Chinese Organization Name Translation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}]},{"given":"Chengqing","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0000(69)80006-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C. and Chen H.-H. 2006. A high-accurate Chinese-English NE backward translation system combining both lexical information and Web statistics. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING\/ACL)&lt;\/it&gt; Main Conference Poster Sessions. Sydney Australia. 81--88.   Chen C. and Chen H.-H. 2006. A high-accurate Chinese-English NE backward translation system combining both lexical information and Web statistics. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (COLING\/ACL)&lt;\/it&gt; Main Conference Poster Sessions. Sydney Australia. 81--88.","DOI":"10.3115\/1273073.1273084"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.v57:5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Chen H.-H. and Chu Y.-L. 2004. Pattern discovery in named organization corpus. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.&lt;\/it&gt; Lisbon Portugal. 301--303.  Chen H.-H. and Chu Y.-L. 2004. Pattern discovery in named organization corpus. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation.&lt;\/it&gt; Lisbon Portugal. 301--303."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1119384.1119385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1219840.1219873"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Chinchor N. and Marsh E. 1997. MUC-7 named entity task definition. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the 7th Message Understanding Conference.&lt;\/it&gt; http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/ relatedprojects\/muc.  Chinchor N. and Marsh E. 1997. MUC-7 named entity task definition. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the 7th Message Understanding Conference.&lt;\/it&gt; http:\/\/www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/894.02\/ relatedprojects\/muc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Feng D. Lv Y. and Zhou M. 2004. A new approach for English-Chinese named entity alignment. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'04).&lt;\/it&gt; 372--379.  Feng D. Lv Y. and Zhou M. 2004. A new approach for English-Chinese named entity alignment. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP'04).&lt;\/it&gt; 372--379."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30211-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSA.2005.858521"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMI.2002.1167002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1119384.1119386"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Huang F. Vogel S. and Waibel A. 2004. Improving named entity translation combining phonetic and semantic similarities. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the HLT\/NAACL.&lt;\/it&gt; Boston MA.  Huang F. Vogel S. and Waibel A. 2004. Improving named entity translation combining phonetic and semantic similarities. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the HLT\/NAACL.&lt;\/it&gt; Boston MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073445.1073462"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30211-7_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1165255.1165257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/321466.321477"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Li H. Sim K.C. Kuo J.-S. and Dong M. 2007. Semantic transliteration of personal names. In &lt;it&gt;Processings of 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational linguistics (ACL).&lt;\/it&gt; Prague Czech Republic. 120--127.  Li H. Sim K.C. Kuo J.-S. and Dong M. 2007. Semantic transliteration of personal names. In &lt;it&gt;Processings of 45th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational linguistics (ACL).&lt;\/it&gt; Prague Czech Republic. 120--127."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1218955.1218976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220175.1220252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Meng H. Lo W.K. Chen B. and Tang K. 2001. Generating Phonetic Cognets to Handle Named Entities in English-Chinese Cross-Language Spoken Document Retrieval. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop.&lt;\/it&gt; Trento Italy.  Meng H. Lo W.K. Chen B. and Tang K. 2001. Generating Phonetic Cognets to Handle Named Entities in English-Chinese Cross-Language Spoken Document Retrieval. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop.&lt;\/it&gt; Trento Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1067807.1067842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089120103321337421"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11562214_40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1073083.1073135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220355.1220444"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220175.1220185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stalls B. and Knight K. 1998. Translating names and technical terms in Arabic text. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Computational Approaches to Semitic Language.&lt;\/it&gt; Montreal Quebec Canada.   Stalls B. and Knight K. 1998. Translating names and technical terms in Arabic text. In &lt;it&gt;Proceedings of the COLING\/ACL Workshop on Computational Approaches to Semitic Language.&lt;\/it&gt; Montreal Quebec Canada.","DOI":"10.3115\/1621753.1621760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Wu D. 1997. Stochastic inversion transduction grammars and bilingual parsing of parallel corpora. &lt;it&gt;Computat. Linguist. 23&lt;\/it&gt; 3 377--404.   Wu D. 1997. Stochastic inversion transduction grammars and bilingual parsing of parallel corpora. &lt;it&gt;Computat. Linguist. 23&lt;\/it&gt; 3 377--404."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/980691.980799"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11562214_53"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1076034.1076182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10590-006-9000-z"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1330291.1330292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1330291.1330292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:47:31Z","timestamp":1750258051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1330291.1330292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1330291.1330292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1330291.1330292","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-0226","1558-3430"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-0226"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-3430"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-02-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}