{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:35:49Z","timestamp":1750307749950,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NBCH30390004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBCH30390004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We started the K42 project more than ten years ago with the ambitious goal of developing an operating system for next-generation hardware that would be widely valued and thus widely used. Based on the premise that current operating systems were not designed to be scalable, customizable, or maintainable, we set forth to rectify that by applying proven techniques from other disciplines to operating systems and by developing additional innovative mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Now, ten year later, K42 is used by ten or so universities and national labs for research purposes, not ten million information technology departments desiring better everyday computing platforms. As a presentation to the primary operating systems community we provide an examination from two different perspectives as to what went right and what went wrong. First, we concentrate on what technology worked well and why, and what technology failed or caused undue difficulties, and why. Second, based on that experience, we provide our thoughts on the state and direction of the OS community at large.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>To be clear, this paper is neither a results paper nor an overview paper; we refer to other papers for background material. Rather, it is an exploration by researchers with experience with at least six different previous operating systems of the merit of technologies investigated in K42, and an extrapolation of the implications of that experience to the wider operating system community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1341312.1341316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,8]],"date-time":"2008-02-08T15:32:16Z","timestamp":1202484736000},"page":"5-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["K42"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Wisniewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center"}]},{"given":"Dilma","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Auslander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center and IBM Fellow Emeritus"}]},{"given":"Orran","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center and VMWare"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Ostrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center and VMWare"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Rosenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1254810.1254817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.442.0427"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/582128.582130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275517.1275518"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Workshop of Operating System and Architectural Support for the On-demand IT Infrastructure (OASIS)","author":"Baumann A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"A. Baumann , J. Appavoo , D. da Silva , O. Krieger , and R. W. Wisniewski . Improving operating system availability with dynamic update . In Workshop of Operating System and Architectural Support for the On-demand IT Infrastructure (OASIS) , pages 21 -- 27 , Boston Massachusetts , October 9 2004 . A. Baumann, J. Appavoo, D. da Silva, O. Krieger, and R. W. Wisniewski. Improving operating system availability with dynamic update. In Workshop of Operating System and Architectural Support for the On-demand IT Infrastructure (OASIS), pages 21--27, Boston Massachusetts, October 9 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"279","volume-title":"USENIX Technical Conference","author":"Baumann A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"A. Baumann , J. Appavoo , D. D. Silva , J. Kerr , O. Krieger , and R. W. Wisniewski . Providing dynamic update in an operating system . In USENIX Technical Conference , pages 279 -- 291 , Anaheim, CA , April 2005 . A. Baumann, J. Appavoo, D. D. Silva, J. Kerr, O. Krieger, and R. W. Wisniewski. Providing dynamic update in an operating system. In USENIX Technical Conference, pages 279--291, Anaheim, CA, April 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"USENIX Technical Conference","author":"Baumann A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Baumann , J. Appavoo , R. W. Wisniewski , D. D. Silva , O. Krieger , and G. Heiser . 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In Proc. of 6th Linux. conf. au (LCA), Canberra, April 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/224056.224077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.53353"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"M. Butrico D. D. Silva O. Krieger M. Ostrowski B. Rosenburg D. Tsafrir E. V. Hensbergen R. W. Wisniewski and J. Xenidis.  M. Butrico D. D. Silva O. Krieger M. Ostrowski B. Rosenburg D. Tsafrir E. V. Hensbergen R. W. Wisniewski and J. 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