{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:35:39Z","timestamp":1750307739196,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-04-10726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-04-10726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000144","name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-0435023CNS-0523932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-0435023CNS-0523932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Security in wireless sensor networks has become important as they are being developed and deployed for an increasing number of applications. The severe resource constraints in each sensor make it very challenging to secure sensor networks. Moreover, sensors are usually deployed in hostile and unattended environments and hence are susceptible to various attacks, including node capture, physical tampering, and manipulation of the sensor program. Park and Shin [2005] proposed a soft tamper-proofing scheme that verifies the integrity of the program in each sensor device, called the\n            <jats:italic>program integrity verification<\/jats:italic>\n            (PIV), in which sensors authenticate PIV servers (PIVSs) using centralized and trusted third-party entities, such as authentication servers (ASs). This article presents a distributed authentication protocol of PIVSs (DAPP) without requiring the commonly used ASs. DAPP uses the Blundo scheme [Blundo et al. 1992] for sensors and PIVSs to establish pairwise keys and for PIVSs to authenticate one another. We also present a protocol for PIVSs to cooperatively detect and revoke malicious PIVSs in the network. We implement and evaluate both DAPP and PIV on Mica2 Motes and laptops, showing that DAPP reduces the sensors' communication traffic in the network by more than 90% and the energy consumption on each sensor by up to 85%, as compared to the case of using a centralized AS for authenticating PIVSs. We also analyze the security of DAPP under various attack models, demonstrating its capability in dealing with diverse types of attacks.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1341731.1341735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,25]],"date-time":"2008-03-25T14:01:40Z","timestamp":1206453700000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Distributed Authentication of Program Integrity Verification in Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Katharine","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kang G.","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/283699.283739"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Atmel. 8-bit AVR microcontroller with 128 KBytes in-system programmable flash --- ATmega128 ATmega128L. www.atmel.com\/dyn\/resources\/prod_documents\/doc2467.pdf.  Atmel. 8-bit AVR microcontroller with 128 KBytes in-system programmable flash --- ATmega128 ATmega128L. www.atmel.com\/dyn\/resources\/prod_documents\/doc2467.pdf."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems (INSS05)","author":"Bauer K.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Bauer , K. and Lee , H . 2005. A distributed authentication scheme for a wireless sensing system . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems (INSS05) . Bauer, K. and Lee, H. 2005. A distributed authentication scheme for a wireless sensing system. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Networked Sensing Systems (INSS05)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO92)","author":"Blundo C.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Blundo , C. , Santis , A. D. , Herzberg , A. , Kutten , S. , Vaccaro , U. , and Yung , M . 1992. Perfectly-secure key distribution for dynamic conferences . In Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO92) . Blundo, C., Santis, A. D., Herzberg, A., Kutten, S., Vaccaro, U., and Yung, M. 1992. Perfectly-secure key distribution for dynamic conferences. In Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO92)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/508791.508845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Carman D. W. Kruus P. S. and Matt B. J. 2000. Constraints and approaches for distributed sensor security. Tech. rep. 00-010 NAI Labs Network Associates Inc.  Carman D. W. Kruus P. S. and Matt B. J. 2000. Constraints and approaches for distributed sensor security. Tech. rep. 00-010 NAI Labs Network Associates Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11422778_87"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Crossbow. MICA2 - wireless measurement system. www.xbow.com\/Products\/Product_pdf_files\/Wireless_pdf\/MICA2_Datasheet.pdf.  Crossbow. MICA2 - wireless measurement system. www.xbow.com\/Products\/Product_pdf_files\/Wireless_pdf\/MICA2_Datasheet.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Crypto++. Crypto++ 5.2.1 Benchmarks. www.eskimo.com\/~weidai\/benchmarks.html.  Crypto++. Crypto++ 5.2.1 Benchmarks. www.eskimo.com\/~weidai\/benchmarks.html."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO89)","author":"Desmedt Y. G.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Desmedt , Y. G. and Frankel , Y . 1989. Threshold cryptosystems . In Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO89) . Desmedt, Y. G. and Frankel, Y. 1989. Threshold cryptosystems. In Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO89)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1976.1055638"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646334.687813"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080793.1080809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/781131.781133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/501436.501437"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications.","author":"Karlof C.","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Karlof , C. and Wagner , D . 2003. Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: Attacks and countermeasures . In Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications. Karlof, C. and Wagner, D. 2003. Secure routing in wireless sensor networks: Attacks and countermeasures. In Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC2104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1053283.1053287"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2005.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/381677.381696"},{"volume-title":"The MD5 message-digest algorithm","author":"Rivest R.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Rivest , R. 1992. The MD5 message-digest algorithm . IETF Network Working Group , RFC 1321. Rivest, R. 1992. The MD5 message-digest algorithm. IETF Network Working Group, RFC 1321."},{"volume-title":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC04)","author":"Sancak S.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Sancak , S. , Cayirci , E. , Coskun , V. , and Levi , A . 2004. Sensor wars: Detecting and defending against spam attacks in tactical adhoc sensor networks . In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC04) . Sancak, S., Cayirci, E., Coskun, V., and Levi, A. 2004. Sensor wars: Detecting and defending against spam attacks in tactical adhoc sensor networks. In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC04)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNP.2005.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1161289.1161306"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.","author":"Seshadri A.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Seshadri , A. , Perrig , A. , van Doorn , L. , and Khosla , P . 2004. Swatt: Software-based attestation for embedded devices . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. Seshadri, A., Perrig, A., van Doorn, L., and Khosla, P. 2004. Swatt: Software-based attestation for embedded devices. 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In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology (ICISC01) . Weimerskirch, A. and Thonet, G. 2001. A distributed light-weight authentication model for ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology (ICISC01)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062689.1062737"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/948109.948120"},{"volume-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.","author":"Zhu S.","key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Zhu , S. , Setia , S. , Jajodia , S. , and Ning , P . 2004. An interleaved hop-by-hop authentication scheme for filtering false data injection in sensor networks . In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. Zhu, S., Setia, S., Jajodia, S., and Ning, P. 2004. An interleaved hop-by-hop authentication scheme for filtering false data injection in sensor networks. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Information and System Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1341731.1341735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1341731.1341735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:38:54Z","timestamp":1750253934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1341731.1341735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1341731.1341735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1341731.1341735","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1094-9224"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7406"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}