{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:35:41Z","timestamp":1750307741641,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP0667600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP0667600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Web"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Service matching approaches trade precision for recall, creating the need for users to choose the correct services, which obviously is a major obstacle for automating the service discovery and aggregation processes. Our approach to overcome this problem, is to eliminate the appearance of false positives by returning only the correct services. As different users have different semantics for what is correct, we argue that the correctness of the matching results must be determined according to the achievement of users' goals: that only services achieving users' goals are considered correct. To determine such correctness, we argue that the matching process should be based primarily on the high-level functional specifications (namely goals, achievement contexts, and external behaviors). In this article, we propose models, data structures, algorithms, and theorems required to correctly match such specifications. We propose a model called<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, to capture such specifications, for both services and users, in a machine-understandable format. We propose a data structure, called a Concepts Substitutability Graph (CSG), to capture the substitution semantics of application domain concepts in a context-based manner, in order to determine the semantic-preserving mapping transformations required to match different<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>models. We also propose a behavior matching approach that is able to match states in an m-to-n manner, such that behavior models with different numbers of state transitions can be matched. Finally, we show how services are matched and aggregated according to their<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>models. Results of supporting experiments demonstrate the advantages of the proposed service matching approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1346337.1346240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T14:35:04Z","timestamp":1210084504000},"page":"1-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Correctness-aware high-level functional matching approaches for semantic Web services"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Islam","family":"Elgedawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM India Research Lab, Bangalore, India"}]},{"given":"Zahir","family":"Tari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Thom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Services Computing. New York City, 23--30","author":"Aggarwal R.","unstructured":"Aggarwal , R. , Verma , K. , Miller , J. , and Milnor , W . 2004. Constraint driven Web service composition in METEOR-S . In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Services Computing. New York City, 23--30 . Aggarwal, R., Verma, K., Miller, J., and Milnor, W. 2004. Constraint driven Web service composition in METEOR-S. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Services Computing. New York City, 23--30.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-003-0117-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Six challenges for the semantic Web","volume":"1","author":"Benjamins V.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Benjamins , V. , Contreras , J. , Corcho , O. , and G\u00f3mez-P\u0117rez , A. 2004 . Six challenges for the semantic Web . AIS SIGSEMIS Bulletin 1 , 2, 24 -- 25 . Benjamins, V., Contreras, J., Corcho, O., and G\u00f3mez-P\u0117rez, A. 2004. Six challenges for the semantic Web. AIS SIGSEMIS Bulletin 1, 2, 24--25.","journal-title":"AIS SIGSEMIS Bulletin"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39962-9_96"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","DOI":"10.1007\/11596141_10"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE)","author":"Elgedawy I.","unstructured":"Elgedawy , I. , Tari , Z. , and Winikoff , M . 2004. Scenario matching using functional substitutability in Web services . In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE) . Brisbane, Australia, 59--65. Elgedawy, I., Tari, Z., and Winikoff, M. 2004. Scenario matching using functional substitutability in Web services. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE). Brisbane, Australia, 59--65.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888903000651"},{"unstructured":"Keller U. Lara R. Polleres A. Toma I. Kifer M. and Fensel D. 2004. WSMO Web service discovery. http:\/\/www.wsmo.org\/2004\/d5\/d5.1\/v0.1\/20041112. Keller U. Lara R. Polleres A. Toma I. Kifer M. and Fensel D. 2004. WSMO Web service discovery. http:\/\/www.wsmo.org\/2004\/d5\/d5.1\/v0.1\/20041112.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.920599"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second International VLDB Workshop on Technologies for e-Services (VLDB-TES)","author":"Mecella M.","unstructured":"Mecella , M. , Pernici , B. , and Craca , P . 2001. Compatibility of e-services in a cooperative multi-platform environment . In Proceedings of the Second International VLDB Workshop on Technologies for e-Services (VLDB-TES) . Rome, Italy, 44--57. Mecella, M., Pernici, B., and Craca, P. 2001. Compatibility of e-services in a cooperative multi-platform environment. In Proceedings of the Second International VLDB Workshop on Technologies for e-Services (VLDB-TES). Rome, Italy, 44--57.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-003-0101-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","DOI":"10.5555\/1275852.1275854"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE)","author":"Paolucci M.","unstructured":"Paolucci , M. , Kawamura , T. , Payne , T. , and Sycara , K . 2002b. Importing the semantic Web in UDDI . In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE) . Toronto, Canada, 225--236. Paolucci, M., Kawamura, T., Payne, T., and Sycara, K. 2002b. Importing the semantic Web in UDDI. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE). Toronto, Canada, 225--236.","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC)","author":"Paolucci M.","unstructured":"Paolucci , M. , Kawamura , T. , Payne , T. , and Sycara , K . 2002a. Semantic matching of Web services capabilities . In Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) . Sardinia, Italy, 333--347. Paolucci, M., Kawamura, T., Payne, T., and Sycara, K. 2002a. Semantic matching of Web services capabilities. In Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC). Sardinia, Italy, 333--347.","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","DOI":"10.1145\/988672.988747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. CSD-TR-97-15, citeseer.nj.nec.com\/pearson97survey.html","author":"Pearson J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pearson , J. and Jeavons , P . 1997 . A survey of tractable constraint satisfaction problems. Tech. Rep. CSD-TR-97-15, citeseer.nj.nec.com\/pearson97survey.html , Oxford University, Computing Laboratory . Pearson, J. and Jeavons, P. 1997. A survey of tractable constraint satisfaction problems. Tech. Rep. CSD-TR-97-15, citeseer.nj.nec.com\/pearson97survey.html, Oxford University, Computing Laboratory."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","DOI":"10.1145\/844357.844360"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","DOI":"10.1109\/32.738339"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roman D. Keller U. and Lausen H. 2005. Web service modeling ontology (WSMO). http:\/\/www.wsmo.org\/TR\/d2\/v1.1\/20050210\/. Roman D. Keller U. and Lausen H. 2005. Web service modeling ontology (WSMO). http:\/\/www.wsmo.org\/TR\/d2\/v1.1\/20050210\/.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","DOI":"10.3233\/APO-2005-000008"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth Asia-Pacific Web Conference. 665--670","author":"Sajjanhar A.","unstructured":"Sajjanhar , A. , Hou , J. , and Zhang , Y . 2004. Algorithm for Web services matching . In Proceedings of the Sixth Asia-Pacific Web Conference. 665--670 . Sajjanhar, A., Hou, J., and Zhang, Y. 2004. Algorithm for Web services matching. In Proceedings of the Sixth Asia-Pacific Web Conference. 665--670.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014897210525"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second ICAPS International Workshop on Planning and Scheduling for Web and Grid Services","author":"Thakkar S.","unstructured":"Thakkar , S. , Ambite , J. , and Knoblock , C . 2004. A data integration approach to automatically composing and optimizing Web services . In Proceedings of the Second ICAPS International Workshop on Planning and Scheduling for Web and Grid Services . British Columbia, Canada. Thakkar, S., Ambite, J., and Knoblock, C. 2004. A data integration approach to automatically composing and optimizing Web services. In Proceedings of the Second ICAPS International Workshop on Planning and Scheduling for Web and Grid Services. British Columbia, Canada.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"},{"unstructured":"WS-Challenge. 2005. Introducing the Web service challenge. http:\/\/ws-challenge.org\/. WS-Challenge. 2005. Introducing the Web service challenge. http:\/\/ws-challenge.org\/.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.11"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on the Web"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1346337.1346240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1346337.1346240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:38:58Z","timestamp":1750253938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1346337.1346240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1346337.1346240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1346337.1346240","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1131","1559-114X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1131"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-114X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-05-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}