{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:51:58Z","timestamp":1793130718087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":296,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3.47E+12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.47E+12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Comput. Surv."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have witnessed great interest and a wealth of promise in content-based image retrieval as an emerging technology. While the last decade laid foundation to such promise, it also paved the way for a large number of new techniques and systems, got many new people involved, and triggered stronger association of weakly related fields. In this article, we survey almost 300 key theoretical and empirical contributions in the current decade related to image retrieval and automatic image annotation, and in the process discuss the spawning of related subfields. We also discuss significant challenges involved in the adaptation of existing image retrieval techniques to build systems that can be useful in the real world. In retrospect of what has been achieved so far, we also conjecture what the future may hold for image retrieval research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1348246.1348248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T10:35:04Z","timestamp":1210070104000},"page":"1-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2301,"title":["Image retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ritendra","family":"Datta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhiraj","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Z.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00393937"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Airliners.Net. 2005. Airliners.net homepage. http:\/\/www.airliners.net.  Airliners.Net. 2005. Airliners.net homepage. http:\/\/www.airliners.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Alipr. 2006. Alipr homepage. http:\/\/www.alipr.com.  Alipr. 2006. Alipr homepage. http:\/\/www.alipr.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1026711.1026717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159702300403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2002.1044517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1046920.1088704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/944919.944965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1511835"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.993558"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Benchathlon. 2005. Benchathlon homepage. http:\/\/www.benchathlon.net.  Benchathlon. 2005. Benchathlon homepage. http:\/\/www.benchathlon.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on the Association for History and Computing.","author":"Berezhnoy I. E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.954600"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.805"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6046.890058"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2002.802833"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11527886_36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME).","author":"Bertini M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/860435.860460"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502807.502809"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Caltech101. 2004. http:\/\/www.vision.caltech.edu\/image_datasets\/caltech101\/caltech101.html.  Caltech101. 2004. http:\/\/www.vision.caltech.edu\/image_datasets\/caltech101\/caltech101.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.819929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11744078_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CRV.2005.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1023800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2004.838464"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2002.808079"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767923"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.6147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/265563.265573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-004-0097-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Chen J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-003-0105-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1033216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1005332.1016789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.849770"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Chen Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Information Security Conference.","author":"Chew M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(01)00059-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1065385.1065402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB).","author":"Ciaccia P."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"CNN. 2005. Computer decodes Mona Lisa's smile. http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2005\/TECH\/12\/16\/mona.lisa.smile\/index.html.  CNN. 2005. Computer decodes Mona Lisa's smile. http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2005\/TECH\/12\/16\/mona.lisa.smile\/index.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.1000236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.817596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026568809834"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219467803000956"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/996350.996362"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1018428.1020885"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2007.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11744078_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1291233.1291328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1291233.1291364"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS).","author":"de Silva V."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","unstructured":"Del Bimbo A. D. 1999. Visual Information Retrieval. Morgan Kaufmann.   Del Bimbo A. D. 1999. Visual Information Retrieval. Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.574790"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.946985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.892450"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.982822"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).","author":"Dong A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Du Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV).","author":"Duygulu P."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237661.237715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11527923_66"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101826.1101858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027748"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Fergus R."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.541413"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.410146"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","unstructured":"Flickr. 2002. The flickr homepage. http:\/\/www.flickr.com.  Flickr. 2002. The flickr homepage. http:\/\/www.flickr.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101167"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.817602"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","unstructured":"GlobalMemoryNet. 2006. Global Memory Net homepage. http:\/\/www.memorynet.org.  GlobalMemoryNet. 2006. Global Memory Net homepage. http:\/\/www.memorynet.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502585.502652"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027664"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","unstructured":"Google Scholar. 2004. Google scholar homepage. http:\/\/scholar.google.com.  Google Scholar. 2004. Google scholar homepage. http:\/\/scholar.google.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).","author":"Gordon S."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Gouet V."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Internet Imaging III","volume":"4311","author":"Gunther N. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/253769.253798"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/944919.944968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.841205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1979.11328"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hastie T. Tibshirani R. and Friedman J. 2001. The Elements of Statistical Learning. Springer-Verlag.  Hastie T. Tibshirani R. and Friedman J. 2001. The Elements of Statistical Learning. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21606-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027681"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027531"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1026711.1026715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027532"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1018429.1021109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027533"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Hoiem D."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008108327226"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1057061"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.827236"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","unstructured":"ImageCLEF. 2006. The CLEF cross language image retrieval track (ImageCLEF) homepage. http:\/\/ir.shef.ac.uk\/imageclef.  ImageCLEF. 2006. The CLEF cross language image retrieval track (ImageCLEF) homepage. http:\/\/ir.shef.ac.uk\/imageclef."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","unstructured":"ImagEVAL. 2005. The ImageEval homepage. http:\/\/www.imageval.org.  ImagEVAL. 2005. The ImageEval homepage. http:\/\/www.imageval.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00139-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1026653.1026665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180639.1180829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.","author":"Jain A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/973264.973294"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/860435.860459"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2003.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson  Jr. C. R. Hendriks E. Berezhony I. Brevdo E. Hughes S. Daubechies I. Li J. Postma E. and Wang J. Z. 2008. Image processing for artist identification---computerized analysis of Vincent van Gogh's painting brush stokes. IEEE Sign. Process. 25 (Special Issue on Visual Cultural Heritage).  Johnson Jr. C. R. Hendriks E. Berezhony I. Brevdo E. Hughes S. Daubechies I. Li J. Postma E. and Wang J. Z. 2008. Image processing for artist identification---computerized analysis of Vincent van Gogh's painting brush stokes. IEEE Sign. Process. 25 (Special Issue on Visual Cultural Heritage).","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2008.923513"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027732"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Jin R."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.826125"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2004.826775"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.847289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180639.1180720"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on VLDB.","author":"Joshi D."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Joshi D."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1126004.1126008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/958432.958469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027729"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1013208.1013210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/872757.872829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/347090.347169"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_130_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR).","author":"Ko B."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cds:20030481"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2002.1021885"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.879802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_135_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Neural Information Pracessing Systems (NIPS).","author":"Lavrenko V."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_136_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).","author":"Lazebnik S."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_137_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).","author":"Levina E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1126004.1126005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/957013.957051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.857794"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.823977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2003.813284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1227984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.821349"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180639.1180841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70847"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354384.354452"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027697"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354384.354403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406398101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_154_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Ma W."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1998)49:7%3C633::AID-ASI5%3E3.3.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_156_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Maitre H."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011174803800"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.7.000923"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177692631"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.531803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/76.927424"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(96)01114-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.982403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_164_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV).","author":"Mathiassen J. R."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLachlan G. and Peel D. 2000. Finite Mixture Models. Wiley-Interscience.  McLachlan G. and Peel D. 2000. Finite Mixture Models. Wiley-Interscience.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471721182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.410154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_167_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International IEEE Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR).","author":"Melzer T."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_168_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Mikolajczk K."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000027790.02288.f2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/219717.219748"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_171_1","unstructured":"Mirsky S.. 2006. Computers get the picture. Sci. Amer. (Nov.).  Mirsky S.. 2006. Computers get the picture. Sci. Amer. (Nov.)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.990133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.391387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/957013.957070"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_175_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Mori G."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_176_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International World Wide Web Conference (WWW).","author":"Mukherjea S."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_177_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Video Retrieval (CIVR). Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"2383","author":"Muller H."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2003.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(00)00118-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000004832.02269.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1119772.1119845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_183_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Nakazato M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101288"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2003.1262183"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_186_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME).","author":"Natsev A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101192"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00187-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180639.1180712"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_190_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Database II, SPIE","author":"Pentland A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/69.971189"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/69.599932"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1046166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2002.1033768"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_195_1","unstructured":"Photo.Net. 1993. Photonet homepage. http:\/\/www.photo.net.  Photo.Net. 1993. Photonet homepage. http:\/\/www.photo.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_196_1","unstructured":"Photo.Net(RatingSystem). Photonet standards. 1993. http:\/\/www.photo.net\/gallery\/photocritique\/standards.  Photo.Net(RatingSystem). Photonet standards. 1993. http:\/\/www.photo.net\/gallery\/photocritique\/standards."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2005.846796"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_198_1","unstructured":"Picasa. 2004. Picasa homepage. http:\/\/picasa.google.com\/.  Picasa. 2004. Picasa homepage. http:\/\/picasa.google.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026553619983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027650"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365097"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642682"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2002.1024745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026543900054"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_205_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).","author":"Rubner Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvci.1999.0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_207_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Rui Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_208_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Rui Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/76.718510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_210_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International IEEE Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR).","author":"Sablatnig R."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_211_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International IEEE Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR).","author":"Saux B. L."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_212_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).","author":"Schaffalitzky F."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.589215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/36.868886"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.879793"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_216_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Video Retrieval (CIVR).","author":"Sebe N."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6046.845014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.868688"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_220_1","unstructured":"Slashdot. 2005. Searching by image instead of keywords. Slashdot News (May).  Slashdot. 2005. Searching by image instead of keywords. Slashdot News (May)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027678"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.895972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_223_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"Integrated spatial and feature image query","volume":"9","author":"Smith J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/244130.244151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_225_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP).","author":"Smolka B."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MTAP.0000046380.27575.a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_227_1","unstructured":"Staedter T. 2006. Digital pics \u2018read\u2019 by computer. http:\/\/dsc.discovery.com\/news\/2006\/11\/09\/images_tec. html.  Staedter T. 2006. Digital pics \u2018read\u2019 by computer. http:\/\/dsc.discovery.com\/news\/2006\/11\/09\/images_tec. html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.815254"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00130487"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.531802"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_231_1","unstructured":"Terragalleria. 2001. Terragalleria homepage. http:\/\/www.terragalleria.com.  Terragalleria. 2001. Terragalleria homepage. http:\/\/www.terragalleria.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1406945"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000004830.93820.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_235_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Allerton Conference on Communication and Computation.","author":"Tishby N."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/500141.500159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_237_1","unstructured":"Tope A. S. and Enser P. G. P. 2000. Design and implementation factors in electronic image retrieval systems. Res. Rep. 105 Library and Information Commission.  Tope A. S. and Enser P. G. P. 2000. Design and implementation factors in electronic image retrieval systems. Res. Rep. 105 Library and Information Commission."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/956863.956874"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_239_1","unstructured":"TRECVID. 2001. TRECVID homepage. http:\/\/www-nlpir.nist.gov\/projects\/trecvid.  TRECVID. 2001. TRECVID homepage. http:\/\/www-nlpir.nist.gov\/projects\/trecvid."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.1000239"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_241_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISUAL).","author":"Tuytelaars T."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.469936"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.892448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2004.830760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_245_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS).","author":"Vasconcelos N."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_246_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Vasconcelos N."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2004.840596"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_248_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Video Retrieval (CIVR).","author":"Velivelli A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2003.1184336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30213-1_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31865-1_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.955109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007990050026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1178677.1178681"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.899949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027632"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027746"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(03)00005-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_260_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems.","author":"Wang Z."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_261_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV).","author":"Webe M."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_262_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS).","author":"Weston J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.601251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/99.641604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_265_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP).","author":"Woodrow E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_266_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_267_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1018428.1020882"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_268_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/500141.500157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_269_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_270_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Wu Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_271_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1054972.1055065"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_272_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS).","author":"Xing E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_273_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_274_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1101149.1101240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_275_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642681"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_276_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2006.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_277_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.1262179"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_278_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia.","author":"Zhai Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_279_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_280_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180639.1180709"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_281_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354384.376392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_282_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180639.1180719"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_283_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/957013.957090"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_284_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML).","author":"Zhang Q."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_285_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Zhang R."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_286_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_287_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/954339.954342"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_288_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-58"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_289_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1027527.1027731"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_290_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS).","author":"Zhou D."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_291_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/500141.500163"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_292_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).","author":"Zhou X. S."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_293_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/93.998050"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_294_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-002-0070-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_295_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/354384.354455"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_296_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.537343"}],"container-title":["ACM Computing Surveys"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1348246.1348248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1348246.1348248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T10:58:30Z","timestamp":1750244310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1348246.1348248"}},"subtitle":["Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":296,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1348246.1348248"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1348246.1348248","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-0300","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-05-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}