{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T05:06:16Z","timestamp":1775970376084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003284","name":"Canadian Psychological Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF-0541234CCR-02-10153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCF-0541234CCR-02-10153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article we examine the impacts of the fundamental constraints required for circuits and systems made from molecular Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) devices. Our design constraints are \u201cchemically reasonable\u201d in that we consider the characteristics and dimensions of devices and scaffoldings that have actually been fabricated. This work is a necessary first step for any work in QCA CAD, and can also help shape experiments in the physical sciences for emerging, nano-scale devices. Our work shows that QCA circuits, scaffoldings, substrates, and devices should all be considered simultaneously. Otherwise, there is a very real possibility that the devices and scaffoldings that are eventually manufactured will result in devices that only work in isolation. \u201cChemically reasonable\u201d also means that expected manufacturing defects must be considered. In our simulations we introduce defects associated with self-assembled systems into various designs to begin to define manufacturing tolerances. This work is especially timely as experimentalists are beginning to work on merging experimental tracks that address devices and scaffolds\u2014and the end result should facilitate correct logical operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1350763.1350769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]],"date-time":"2008-04-29T13:01:12Z","timestamp":1209474072000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Molecular QCA design with chemically reasonable constraints"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Crocker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Niemier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame"}]},{"given":"X. Sharon","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame"}]},{"given":"Marya","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/1.590410"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Blair E. P. 2003. Tools for the design and simulation of clocked molecular quantum-dot cellular automata circuit. M.S. thesis University of Notre Dame.  Blair E. P. 2003. Tools for the design and simulation of clocked molecular quantum-dot cellular automata circuit. M.S. thesis University of Notre Dame."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design, 565--571","author":"Chaudhary A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00785a016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062261.1062325"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1116\/1.1394729"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2005.847034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0123103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imre A. Csaba G. Ji L. Orlov A. Bernstein G. and Porod W. 2006. Majority logic gate for magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata. Science 311 5758 205--208.  Imre A. Csaba G. Ji L. Orlov A. Bernstein G. and Porod W. 2006. Majority logic gate for magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata. Science 311 5758 205--208.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja035077c"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Labean T. Park S. Ahn S. and Reif J. 2005. Stepwise dna self-assembly of fixed-size nanostructures. In Foundations of Nanoscience Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices 179--181.  Labean T. Park S. Ahn S. and Reif J. 2005. Stepwise dna self-assembly of fixed-size nanostructures. In Foundations of Nanoscience Self-Assembled Architectures and Devices 179--181."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl048635"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.573740"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1233501.1233690"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/379240.379261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0371909"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1129601.1129669"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020424"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.38.7227"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1421217"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.356375"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.372987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Walus K. Dimitrov V. Jullien G. and Miller W. Oct. 2003. QCADesigner: A cad tool for an emerging nano-technology. Micronet An. Work. 2003.  Walus K. Dimitrov V. Jullien G. and Miller W. Oct. 2003. QCADesigner: A cad tool for an emerging nano-technology. Micronet An. Work. 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2004.828576"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/28998"}],"container-title":["ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1350763.1350769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1350763.1350769","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:57:59Z","timestamp":1750255079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1350763.1350769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1350763.1350769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1350763.1350769","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4832","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-04-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}