{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T17:17:36Z","timestamp":1783790256602,"version":"3.55.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":44,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,6]],"date-time":"2008-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,6]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1357054.1357246","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,8]],"date-time":"2008-04-08T16:27:59Z","timestamp":1207672079000},"page":"1227-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Do visualizations improve synchronous remote collaboration?"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Aruna D.","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Fussell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Kiesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Semi-Circular Discs. Proc. Information Visualization","author":"Andrews K.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Andrews , K. , &amp; Heidegger , H. ( 1998 ). Information Slices: Visualization and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading , Semi-Circular Discs. Proc. Information Visualization 1998. NJ : IEEE press . Andrews, K., &amp; Heidegger, H. (1998). Information Slices: Visualization and Exploring Large Hierarchies using Cascading, Semi-Circular Discs. Proc. Information Visualization 1998. NJ: IEEE press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amp.2006.19873412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Collaborative intelligence analysis with CACHE: Bias reduction and information coverage. Unpublished manuscript","author":"Billman D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Billman , D. , Convertino , G. , Pirolli , P. , Massar , J. P. and Shrager , J . ( 2005 ). Collaborative intelligence analysis with CACHE: Bias reduction and information coverage. Unpublished manuscript . Palo Alto Research Center , CA. Retrieved from http:\/\/cscl.ist.psu.edu\/public\/users\/gconvert\/mypapers\/hcic2006_BillmanEtAl.pdf. Billman, D., Convertino, G., Pirolli, P., Massar, J. P. and Shrager, J. (2005). Collaborative intelligence analysis with CACHE: Bias reduction and information coverage. Unpublished manuscript. Palo Alto Research Center, CA. Retrieved from http:\/\/cscl.ist.psu.edu\/public\/users\/gconvert\/mypapers\/hcic2006_BillmanEtAl.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006641024593"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Lessons from Learning (pp. 231--242).","author":"Clancey J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clancey , William J. ( 1994 ). Situated cognition: How representations are created and given meaning . In Lewis, R. and Mendelsohn, P. (Eds.), Lessons from Learning (pp. 231--242). Amsterdam : North Holland . Clancey, William J. (1994). Situated cognition: How representations are created and given meaning. In Lewis, R. and Mendelsohn, P. (Eds.), Lessons from Learning (pp. 231--242). Amsterdam: North Holland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Constructivist Learning Environments: Case Studies in Instructional Design.","author":"Edelson D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Edelson , D. , Pea , R. , Gomez , L. ( 1996 ). Constructive in the Collaboratory . In B.G. Wilson (Ed.), Constructivist Learning Environments: Case Studies in Instructional Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Educational Technology Publications . Edelson, D., Pea, R., Gomez, L. (1996). Constructive in the Collaboratory. In B.G. Wilson (Ed.), Constructivist Learning Environments: Case Studies in Instructional Design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922021000049971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2003.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/089533005775196732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/289444.289495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"139","volume-title":"P. A. Hancock &amp","author":"Hart S. G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hart , S. G. , &amp; Staveland , L. E. ( 1988 ). Development of a multi-dimensional workload rating scale: Results of empirical and theoretical research . In P. A. Hancock &amp ; N. Meshkati (Ed.), Human mental workload (pp. 139 -- 183 ). Amsterdam : Elsevier . Hart, S. G., &amp; Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of a multi-dimensional workload rating scale: Results of empirical and theoretical research. In P. A. Hancock &amp; N. Meshkati (Ed.), Human mental workload (pp. 139--183). Amsterdam: Elsevier."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1240624.1240781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/331795.331890"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.91.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer D. W.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hosmer , D. W. , &amp; Lemeshow , S. ( 1989 ). Applied Logistic Regression . NY : John Wiley & amp; Sons. Hosmer, D. W., &amp; Lemeshow, S. (1989). Applied Logistic Regression. NY: John Wiley &amp; Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Government Printing Office.","author":"Huerer Jr., R. J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Huerer , Jr., R. J. ( 1999 ). The psychology of intelligence. Washington DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence , Government Printing Office. Huerer, Jr., R. J. (1999). The psychology of intelligence. Washington DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Government Printing Office."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Government Printing Office.","author":"Johnston R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnston , R. ( 2005 ). Analytic culture in the U.S. intelligence community: An ethnographic study. Washington DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence , Government Printing Office. Johnston, R. (2005). Analytic culture in the U.S. intelligence community: An ethnographic study. Washington DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Government Printing Office."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.5.524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"P. Hinds &amp","author":"Kraut R. E.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kraut , R. E. , Fussell , S. R. , Brennan , S. E. , &amp; Siegel , J. ( 2002 ). Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work . In P. Hinds &amp ; S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed work, 137--162. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press . Kraut, R. E., Fussell, S. R., Brennan, S. E., &amp; Siegel, J. (2002). Understanding effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work. In P. Hinds &amp; S. Kiesler (Eds.), Distributed work, 137--162. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6708.1987.tb00863.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324834BASP2104_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/765891.766023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"A model of synchronous collaborative information visualization. Proc. Information Visualization 2003 (pp. 373--381)","author":"Mark G.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mark , G. , Carpenter , K. , &amp; Kobsa , A. ( 2003 b). A model of synchronous collaborative information visualization. Proc. Information Visualization 2003 (pp. 373--381) , NJ : IEEE Press . Mark, G., Carpenter, K., &amp; Kobsa, A. (2003b). A model of synchronous collaborative information visualization. Proc. Information Visualization 2003 (pp. 373--381), NJ: IEEE Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Do four eyes see better than two? Collaborative versus individual discovery in data visualization systems. Proc. Information Visualization 2002 (pp. 249--255)","author":"Mark G.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mark , G. , Kobsa , A. , &amp; Gonzalez , V. ( 2002 ). Do four eyes see better than two? Collaborative versus individual discovery in data visualization systems. Proc. Information Visualization 2002 (pp. 249--255) , NJ : IEEE Press . Mark, G., Kobsa, A., &amp; Gonzalez, V. (2002). Do four eyes see better than two? Collaborative versus individual discovery in data visualization systems. Proc. Information Visualization 2002 (pp. 249--255), NJ: IEEE Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Common ground in electronically mediated communication: Clark's theory of language use","author":"Monk A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monk , A. ( 2003 ). Common ground in electronically mediated communication: Clark's theory of language use . In J.M. Carroll (Ed.), HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks: Towards a Multidisiplinary Science ( pp. 265 -- 289 ). San Francisco, CA : Morgan Kaufmann . Monk, A. (2003). Common ground in electronically mediated communication: Clark's theory of language use. In J.M. Carroll (Ed.), HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks: Towards a Multidisiplinary Science (pp. 265--289). San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.574676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031607.1031654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088767900004003005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1056808.1057019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. Proc. Visual Languages 1996 (pp. 336--343)","author":"Shneiderman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shneiderman , Ben. ( 1996 ). The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. Proc. Visual Languages 1996 (pp. 336--343) . NJ : IEEE Press . Shneiderman, Ben. (1996). The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. Proc. Visual Languages 1996 (pp. 336--343). NJ: IEEE Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.4.475"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.2000.0420"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.53.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Downloaded","author":"State of North Carolina v.","year":"2007","unstructured":"State of North Carolina v. Henry Louis Wallace, 2000. URL: www.aoc.state.nc.us\/www\/public\/sc\/opinions\/2000\/241-97-1.htm . Downloaded June 16, 2007 . State of North Carolina v. Henry Louis Wallace, 2000. URL: www.aoc.state.nc.us\/www\/public\/sc\/opinions\/2000\/241-97-1.htm. Downloaded June 16, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Proc. Euro CSCL 2001 (pp. 577--592)","author":"Suthers D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suthers , D. , &amp; Hundhausen , C. ( 2001 ). Learning by Constructing Collaborative Representations: An Empirical Comparison of Three Alternatives . Proc. Euro CSCL 2001 (pp. 577--592) . Maastricht, the Netherlands : Maastricht McLuhan Institute. Suthers, D., &amp; Hundhausen, C. (2001). Learning by Constructing Collaborative Representations: An Empirical Comparison of Three Alternatives. Proc. Euro CSCL 2001 (pp. 577--592). Maastricht, the Netherlands: Maastricht McLuhan Institute."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"The confirmation bias in military situation assessment","author":"Tolcott M. A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tolcott , M. A. , Marvin , F. F. , and Bresoick , T. A . ( 1989 ). The confirmation bias in military situation assessment . Reston, VA : Decision Science Consortium . Tolcott, M. A., Marvin, F. F., and Bresoick, T. A. (1989). The confirmation bias in military situation assessment. Reston, VA: Decision Science Consortium."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/243199.243218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/632716.632834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1801_3"}],"event":{"name":"CHI '08: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"Florence Italy","acronym":"CHI '08","sponsor":["ACM Association for Computing Machinery","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1357054.1357246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1357054.1357246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:39:23Z","timestamp":1750253963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1357054.1357246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,6]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1357054.1357246","10.1145\/1357054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1357054.1357246","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-04-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}