{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T02:19:54Z","timestamp":1774059594353,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000143","name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CPA 0701992EIA-0303622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPA 0701992EIA-0303622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a new adaptive sampling strategy for ray tracing. Our technique is specifically designed to handle multidimensional sample domains, and it is well suited for efficiently generating images with effects such as soft shadows, motion blur, and depth of field. These effects are problematic for existing image based adaptive sampling techniques as they operate on pixels, which are possibly noisy results of a Monte Carlo ray tracing process. Our sampling technique operates on samples in the multidimensional space given by the rendering equation and as a consequence the value of each sample is noise-free. Our algorithm consists of two passes. In the first pass we adaptively generate samples in the multidimensional space, focusing on regions where the local contrast between samples is high. In the second pass we reconstruct the image by integrating the multidimensional function along all but the image dimensions. We perform a high quality anisotropic reconstruction by determining the extent of each sample in the multidimensional space using a structure tensor. We demonstrate our method on scenes with a 3 to 5 dimensional space, including soft shadows, motion blur, and depth of field. The results show that our method uses fewer samples than Mittchell's adaptive sampling technique while producing images with less noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,5]],"date-time":"2008-08-05T13:35:10Z","timestamp":1217943310000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Multidimensional adaptive sampling and reconstruction for ray tracing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Toshiya","family":"Hachisuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Jarosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}]},{"given":"Richard Peter","family":"Weistroffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Dale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Zwicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}]},{"given":"Henrik Wann","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC San Diego"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1455013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/210232.210233"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/280814.280924"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344932"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073328"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800031.808590"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073320"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutr\u00e9 P. Bala K. Bekaert P. and Shirley P. 2006. Advanced Global Illumination. AK Peters Ltd.   Dutr\u00e9 P. Bala K. Bekaert P. and Shirley P. 2006. Advanced Global Illumination . AK Peters Ltd.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10632"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Glassner A. 1995. Principles of Digital Image Synthesis. Morgan Kaufmann.   Glassner A. 1995. Principles of Digital Image Synthesis . Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/276698.276876"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen H. W. 2001. Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping. A. K. Peters Ltd. Natick MA.   Jensen H. W. 2001. Realistic Image Synthesis Using Photon Mapping . A. K. Peters Ltd. Natick MA.","DOI":"10.1201\/b10685"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/15922.15902"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/122718.122735"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1962.tb03279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015751"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","volume-title":"Graphics programming methods, Charles River Media","author":"Leeson W."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/37401.37410"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Aug. SIGGRAPH 1990 Course Notes.","author":"Mitchell D.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/122718.122736"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","unstructured":"Pharr M. and Humphreys G. 2004. Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation. Morgan Kaufmann.   Pharr M. and Humphreys G. 2004. Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation . Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4822899"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1189762.1189764"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"Rigau J. Feixas M. and Sbert M. 2003. Refinement criteria based on f-divergences. In Rendering Techniques 260--269.   Rigau J. Feixas M. and Sbert M. 2003. Refinement criteria based on f-divergences. In Rendering Techniques 260--269."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","unstructured":"San Jose Estepar R. 2005. Local Structure Tensor for Multidimensional Signal Processing. Applications to Medical Image Analysis. PhD thesis University of Valladolid Spain.  San Jose Estepar R. 2005. Local Structure Tensor for Multidimensional Signal Processing. Applications to Medical Image Analysis . PhD thesis University of Valladolid Spain."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258775"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1179352.1141997"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Irradiance Gradients. In Third Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, 85--98","author":"Ward G. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/54852.378490"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358876.358882"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1360612.1360632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1360612.1360632","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1360612.1360632","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:56:09Z","timestamp":1750254969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1360612.1360632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1360612.1360632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1360612.1360632","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}