{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:43:17Z","timestamp":1791052997373,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Glare arises due to multiple scattering of light inside the camera's body and lens optics and reduces image contrast. While previous approaches have analyzed glare in 2D image space, we show that glare is inherently a 4D ray-space phenomenon. By statistically analyzing the ray-space inside a camera, we can classify and remove glare artifacts. In ray-space, glare behaves as high frequency noise and can be reduced by outlier rejection. While such analysis can be performed by capturing the light field inside the camera, it results in the loss of spatial resolution. Unlike light field cameras, we do not need to reversibly encode the spatial structure of the ray-space, leading to simpler designs. We explore masks for uniform and non-uniform ray sampling and show a practical solution to analyze the 4D statistics without significantly compromising image resolution. Although diffuse scattering of the lens introduces 4D low-frequency glare, we can produce useful solutions in a variety of common scenarios. Our approach handles photography looking into the sun and photos taken without a hood, removes the effect of lens smudges and reduces loss of contrast due to camera body reflections. We show various applications in contrast enhancement and glare manipulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,5]],"date-time":"2008-08-05T09:35:10Z","timestamp":1217928910000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Glare aware photography"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Raskar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs (MERL), Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs (MERL), Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs (MERL), Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121783"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Apogee Instruments. 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IEEE , vol. 3 , 1714--1716. Goszczynska, H., Doria-Dernalowicz, J., Purzycki, Z., and Leszcznski, L. 2000. Estimation of the x-ray scatter and veiling glare rate in coronarographic densitometric measurements. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2000. Proc. 22nd Annual Intl. Conf. IEEE, vol. 3, 1714--1716."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanrahan P. and Ng R. 2006. Digital correction of lens aberrations in light field photography. In International Optical Design Optical Society of America WB2. Hanrahan P. and Ng R. 2006. Digital correction of lens aberrations in light field photography. In International Optical Design Optical Society of America WB2.","DOI":"10.1364\/IODC.2006.WB2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","first-page":"1994","article-title":"Optics and optical instruments veiling glare of image forming systems definitions and methods of measurement","volume":"9358","author":"International Organization For Standardization.","year":"1994","unstructured":"International Organization For Standardization. 1994 . Optics and optical instruments veiling glare of image forming systems definitions and methods of measurement . ISO 9358 : 1994 . International Organization For Standardization. 1994. Optics and optical instruments veiling glare of image forming systems definitions and methods of measurement. ISO 9358:1994.","journal-title":"ISO"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2005.00842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","unstructured":"Knoll Light Factory. Glare creation software. http:\/\/www.digitalanarchy.com\/knollPS\/ (Photoshop Plugin). Knoll Light Factory. Glare creation software. http:\/\/www.digitalanarchy.com\/knollPS\/ (Photoshop Plugin)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237199"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141976"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"SPIE","volume":"6492","author":"Mccann J. J.","unstructured":"Mccann , J. J. , and Rizzi , A . 2007. Veiling glare: The dynamic range limit of hdr images. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XII , SPIE , vol. 6492 . Mccann, J. J., and Rizzi, A. 2007. Veiling glare: The dynamic range limit of hdr images. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XII, SPIE, vol. 6492."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141977"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","unstructured":"Ng R. Levoy M. Brdif M. Duval G. Horowitz M. and Hanrahan P. 2005. Light field photography with a hand-held plenoptic camera. Tech. rep. Stanford Univ. Ng R. Levoy M. Brdif M. Duval G. Horowitz M. and Hanrahan P. 2005. Light field photography with a hand-held plenoptic camera. Tech. rep. Stanford Univ."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Applied Photographic Optics: Lenses and Optical Systems for Photography","author":"Ray S. F.","unstructured":"Ray , S. F. 2002. Applied Photographic Optics: Lenses and Optical Systems for Photography , 3 rd edition ed. Focal Press . Ray, S. F. 2002. Applied Photographic Optics: Lenses and Optical Systems for Photography, 3rd edition ed. Focal Press.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","unstructured":"Reinhard E. Ward G. Pattanaik S. and Debevec P. 2006. High Dynamic Range Imaging - Acquisition Display and Image-based Lighting. Morgan Kaufman Publishers 500 Sansome Street Suite 400 San Francisco CA 94111. Reinhard E. Ward G. Pattanaik S. and Debevec P. 2006. High Dynamic Range Imaging - Acquisition Display and Image-based Lighting . 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