{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:13:27Z","timestamp":1768774407307,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000143","name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CCF-0643552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCF-0643552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tourist maps are essential resources for visitors to an unfamiliar city because they visually highlight landmarks and other points of interest. Yet, hand-designed maps are static representations that cannot adapt to the needs and tastes of the individual tourist. In this paper we present an automated system for designing tourist maps that selects and highlights the information that is most important to tourists. Our system determines the salience of map elements using bottom-up vision-based image analysis and top-down web-based information extraction techniques. It then generates a map that emphasizes the most important elements, using a combination of multiperspective rendering to increase visibility of streets and landmarks, and cartographic generalization techniques such as simplification, deformation, and displacement to emphasize landmarks and de-emphasize less important buildings. We show a number of automatically generated tourist maps of San Francisco and compare them to existing automated and manual approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,5]],"date-time":"2008-08-05T13:35:10Z","timestamp":1217943310000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Automatic generation of tourist maps"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Floraine","family":"Grabler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}]},{"given":"Maneesh","family":"Agrawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383286"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Eurographics Rendering Workshop, 125--136","author":"Agrawala M.","unstructured":"Agrawala , M. , Zorin , D. , and Munzner , T . June 2000. Artistic multiprojection rendering . Eurographics Rendering Workshop, 125--136 . Agrawala, M., Zorin, D., and Munzner, T. June 2000. Artistic multiprojection rendering. Eurographics Rendering Workshop, 125--136."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Label Layout for Interactive 3D Illustrations","volume":"13","author":"Ali K.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ali , K. , Hartmann , K. , and Strothotte , T. 2005 . Label Layout for Interactive 3D Illustrations . Journal of WSCG 13 , 1, 1 -- 8 . Ali, K., Hartmann, K., and Strothotte, T. 2005. Label Layout for Interactive 3D Illustrations. Journal of WSCG 13, 1, 1--8.","journal-title":"Journal of WSCG"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001391656900100202"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Landmarks as navigational aids on street maps","volume":"23","author":"Deakin A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Deakin , A. 1996 . Landmarks as navigational aids on street maps . In Proc. CAGIS 23 , 1, 21 -- 36 . Deakin, A. 1996. Landmarks as navigational aids on street maps. In Proc. CAGIS 23, 1, 21--36.","journal-title":"Proc. CAGIS"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0720(199904)13:2<145::AID-ACP550>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Animation and the role of map design in scientific visualization","volume":"19","author":"DiBiase D.","year":"1992","unstructured":"DiBiase , D. , MacEachren , A. , Krygier , J. , and Reeves , C. 1992 . Animation and the role of map design in scientific visualization . In Proc. CAGIS 19 , 4, 201 -- 214 . DiBiase, D., MacEachren, A., Krygier, J., and Reeves, C. 1992. Animation and the role of map design in scientific visualization. In Proc. CAGIS 19, 4, 201--214.","journal-title":"Proc. CAGIS"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/U3N2-6363-130N-H870"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000022288.19776.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","first-page":"104","article-title":"Generalization of 3d building data based on a scale-space approach","volume":"62","author":"Forberg A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forberg , A. 2007 . Generalization of 3d building data based on a scale-space approach . In Proc. ISPRS 62 , 2, 104 -- 111 . Forberg, A. 2007. Generalization of 3d building data based on a scale-space approach. In Proc. ISPRS 62, 2, 104--111.","journal-title":"Proc. ISPRS"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11536482_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276382"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"Holmes N. 1991. Pictorial Maps. Watson-Guptill.  Holmes N. 1991. Pictorial Maps . Watson-Guptill."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1559\/152304075784313304"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:GEIN.0000017746.44824.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Automatic generalisation of 3D building models","volume":"34","author":"Kada M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kada , M. 2002 . Automatic generalisation of 3D building models . In Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications 34 , 4 . Kada, M. 2002. Automatic generalisation of 3D building models. In Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications 34, 4.","journal-title":"Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11556114_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Harlow: Longman.","author":"Kraak M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kraak , M. , and Ormeling , F . 1996 . Cartography. Visualization of spatial data. Harlow: Longman. Kraak, M., and Ormeling, F. 1996. Cartography. Visualization of spatial data. Harlow: Longman."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Proc. COSIT '99","author":"Lovelace K.","unstructured":"Lovelace , K. , Hegarty , M. , and Montello , D . 1999. Elements of good route directions in familiar and unfamiliar environments . In Proc. COSIT '99 , 65--82. Lovelace, K., Hegarty, M., and Montello, D. 1999. Elements of good route directions in familiar and unfamiliar environments. In Proc. COSIT '99, 65--82."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"The Image of the City","author":"Lynch K.","unstructured":"Lynch , K. 1960. The Image of the City . MIT Press . Lynch, K. 1960. The Image of the City. MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design","author":"MacEachren A.","unstructured":"MacEachren , A. 1995. How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design . Guilford Pubn . MacEachren, A. 1995. How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design. Guilford Pubn."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Use of graph theory to support map generalization","volume":"20","author":"Mackaness W.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mackaness , W. , and Beard , K. 1993 . Use of graph theory to support map generalization . In Proc. CAGIS 20 , 4, 210 -- 221 . Mackaness, W., and Beard, K. 1993. Use of graph theory to support map generalization. In Proc. CAGIS 20, 4, 210--221.","journal-title":"Proc. CAGIS"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"McMaster R. and Shea K. 1992. Generalization in digital cartography. Association of American Geographers.  McMaster R. and Shea K. 1992. Generalization in digital cartography . Association of American Geographers."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","volume-title":"Proc. COSIT '01 2205","author":"Michon P.","unstructured":"Michon , P. , and Denis , M . 2001. When and why are visual landmarks used in giving directions? In Proc. COSIT '01 2205 , 292--305. Michon, P., and Denis, M. 2001. When and why are visual landmarks used in giving directions? In Proc. COSIT '01 2205, 292--305."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10867651.1996.10487458"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","volume-title":"Mapping It Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and Social Sciences","author":"Monmonier M.","unstructured":"Monmonier , M. 1993. Mapping It Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and Social Sciences . Univ. of Chicago Press. Monmonier, M. 1993. Mapping It Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and Social Sciences. Univ. of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15427633scc0402_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks","volume":"2478","author":"Raubal M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raubal , M. , and Winter , S. 2002 . Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks . GIScience: Second International Conference 2478 , 243 -- 259 . Raubal, M., and Winter, S. 2002. Enriching Wayfinding Instructions with Local Landmarks. GIScience: Second International Conference 2478, 243--259.","journal-title":"GIScience: Second International Conference"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","first-page":"931","article-title":"Generalization based on least squares adjustment","volume":"33","author":"Sester M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sester , M. 2000 . Generalization based on least squares adjustment . In Proc. ISPRS 33 , 931 -- 938 . Sester, M. 2000. Generalization based on least squares adjustment. In Proc. ISPRS 33, 931--938.","journal-title":"Proc. ISPRS"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141964"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"Proc. COSIT '99","author":"Sorrows M.","unstructured":"Sorrows , M. , and Hirtle , S . 1999. The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces . In Proc. COSIT '99 , 37--50. Sorrows, M., and Hirtle, S. 1999. The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces. In Proc. COSIT '99, 37--50."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"Maps: A Visual Survey and Design Guide","author":"Southworth M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Southworth , M. , and Southworth , S . 1982 . Maps: A Visual Survey and Design Guide . Little Brown and Company . Southworth, M., and Southworth, S. 1982. Maps: A Visual Survey and Design Guide. Little Brown and Company."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11556114_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","unstructured":"Thiemann F. 2002. Generalization of 3D building data. In Geospatial Theory Processing and Applications 34 Part 4.  Thiemann F. 2002. Generalization of 3D building data. In Geospatial Theory Processing and Applications 34 Part 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"A graph theory approach to road network generalisation","volume":"17","author":"Thomson R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Thomson , R. , and Richardson , D. 1995 . A graph theory approach to road network generalisation . In Proc. ICC 17 , 3 -- 9 . Thomson, R., and Richardson, D. 1995. A graph theory approach to road network generalisation. In Proc. ICC 17, 3--9.","journal-title":"Proc. ICC"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","first-page":"1215","article-title":"The ?good continuation?principle of perceptual organization applied to the generalization of road networks","volume":"19","author":"Thomson R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thomson , R. , and Richardson , D. 1999 . The ?good continuation?principle of perceptual organization applied to the generalization of road networks . In Proc. ICC 19 , 1215 -- 1223 . Thomson, R., and Richardson, D. 1999. The ?good continuation?principle of perceptual organization applied to the generalization of road networks. In Proc. ICC 19, 1215--1223.","journal-title":"Proc. ICC"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Envisioning Information","author":"Tufte E.","unstructured":"Tufte , E. 1990. Envisioning Information . Graphics Press . Tufte, E. 1990. Envisioning Information. Graphics Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","first-page":"2180","article-title":"Smooth generalization for continuous zooming","volume":"20","author":"van Kreveld M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"van Kreveld , M. 2001 . Smooth generalization for continuous zooming . In Proc. ICC 20 , 2180 -- 2185 . van Kreveld, M. 2001. Smooth generalization for continuous zooming. In Proc. ICC 20, 2180--2185.","journal-title":"Proc. ICC"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1294211.1294252"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009713606524"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009748903798"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zipf A. 2002. User-Adaptive Maps for Location-Based Services (LBS) for Tourism. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 329--338.  Zipf A. 2002. User-Adaptive Maps for Location-Based Services (LBS) for Tourism. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 329--338.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6132-6_34"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1360612.1360699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1360612.1360699","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1360612.1360699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:58:02Z","timestamp":1750255082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1360612.1360699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1360612.1360699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1360612.1360699","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}