{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:37:10Z","timestamp":1750307830391,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"ARTIST","award":["IST-2001-34820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IST-2001-34820"]}]},{"name":"COLUMBUS","award":["IST-2002-38314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IST-2002-38314"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004965","name":"Sixth Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IST-004527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IST-004527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ITR (CCR-0225610)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITR (CCR-0225610)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a compositional theory of heterogeneous reactive systems. The approach is based on the concept of tags marking the events of the signals of a system. Tags can be used for multiple purposes from indexing evolution in time (time stamping) to expressing relations among signals, like coordination (e.g., synchrony and asynchrony) and causal dependencies. The theory provides flexibility in system modeling because it can be used both as a unifying mathematical framework to relate heterogeneous models of computations and as a formal vehicle to implement complex systems by combining heterogeneous components. In particular, we introduce an algebra of tag structures to define heterogeneous parallel composition formally. Morphisms between tag structures are used to define relationships between heterogeneous models at different levels of abstraction. In particular, they can be used to represent design transformations from tightly synchronized specifications to loosely-synchronized implementations. The theory has an important application in the correct-by-construction deployment of synchronous design on distributed architectures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1376804.1376811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,5]],"date-time":"2008-08-05T13:35:10Z","timestamp":1217943310000},"page":"1-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Composing heterogeneous reactive systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Albert","family":"Benveniste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Irisa\/Inria"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Caillaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irisa\/Inria"}]},{"given":"Luca P.","family":"Carloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Caspi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Verimag"}]},{"given":"Alberto L.","family":"Sangiovanni-Vincentelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008739929481"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.805817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2003.1193228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646734.701469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/inco.2000.9999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'02)","volume":"2491","author":"Benveniste A.","unstructured":"Benveniste , A. , Caspi , P. , Le Guernic , P. , Marchand , H. , Talpin , J.-P. , and Tripakis , S . 2002. A protocol for loosely time-triggered architectures . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'02) . A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli and J. Sifakis Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 2491 , 252--265, Springer, Berlin.]] Benveniste, A., Caspi, P., Le Guernic, P., Marchand, H., Talpin, J.-P., and Tripakis, S. 2002. A protocol for loosely time-triggered architectures. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'02). A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli and J. Sifakis Eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2491, 252--265, Springer, Berlin.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'03)","author":"Benveniste A.","unstructured":"Benveniste , A. , Carloni , L. P. , Caspi , P. , and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , A. L. 2003. Heterogeneous reactive systems modeling and correct-by-construction deployment . In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'03) . Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 2855 , Springer , Berlin .]] Benveniste, A., Carloni, L. P., Caspi, P., and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. L. 2003. Heterogeneous reactive systems modeling and correct-by-construction deployment. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'03). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2855, Springer, Berlin.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.805826"},{"volume-title":"The Foundations of Esterel","author":"Berry G.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Berry , G. 2000. The Foundations of Esterel . MIT Press , Cambridge, MA .]] Berry, G. 2000. The Foundations of Esterel. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.]]"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design.]]","author":"Burch J.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Burch , J. , Passerone , R. , and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , A. L . 2001. Overcoming heterophobia: Modeling concurrency in heterogeneous systems . Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design.]] Burch, J., Passerone, R., and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. L. 2001. Overcoming heterophobia: Modeling concurrency in heterogeneous systems. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646788.703905"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/43.945302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646787.706264"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakrabarti A. de Alfaro L. Henzinger T. A. and \n      Mang F. Y. C\n  . \n  2002\n  . Synchronous and bidirectional component interfaces. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV'02) Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer Berlin 414--427.]]   Chakrabarti A. de Alfaro L. Henzinger T. A. and Mang F. Y. C. 2002. Synchronous and bidirectional component interfaces. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification (CAV'02) Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer Berlin 414--427.]]","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45657-0_34"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Logic Synthesis.]]","author":"Cortadella J.","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Cortadella , J. , Kondratyev , A. , Lavagno , L. , and Sotiriou , C . 2003. A concurrent model for de-synchronization . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Logic Synthesis.]] Cortadella, J., Kondratyev, A., Lavagno, L., and Sotiriou, C. 2003. A concurrent model for de-synchronization. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Logic Synthesis.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/503209.503226"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"de Alfaro L. and \n      Henzinger T. A\n  . \n  2001\n  . Interface theories for component-based design. In Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'01). T. A. Henzinger and C. M. Kirsch Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  2211 Springer Berlin 32--49.]]   de Alfaro L. and Henzinger T. A. 2001. Interface theories for component-based design. In Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'01). T. A. Henzinger and C. M. Kirsch Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 2211 Springer Berlin 32--49.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.805829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.97300"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.805824"},{"volume-title":"Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications","author":"Kopetz H.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Kopetz , H. 1997. Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications . Kluwer Academic Publishing , Novell, MA .]] Kopetz, H. 1997. Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Novell, MA.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/69624.357207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Specifying Systems: The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers","author":"Lamport L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lamport , L. 2003 . Specifying Systems: The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers . Addison Wesley Professional , Reading, MA .]] Lamport, L. 2003. Specifying Systems: The TLA+ Language and Tools for Hardware and Software Engineers. Addison Wesley Professional, Reading, MA.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Programming real-time applications with SIGNAL","volume":"79","author":"Le Guernic P.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Le Guernic , P. , Gautier , T. , Le Borgne , M. , and Le Maire , C. 1991 . Programming real-time applications with SIGNAL . Proc. IEEE 79 , 9, 1326 -- 1333 .]] Le Guernic, P., Gautier, T., Le Borgne, M., and Le Maire, C. 1991. Programming real-time applications with SIGNAL. Proc. IEEE 79, 9, 1326--1333.]]","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Guernic P. Talpin J.-P. and Le Lann J.-C. 2003. Polychrony for system design. J. Circuits Syst. Comput.]]  Le Guernic P. Talpin J.-P. and Le Lann J.-C. 2003. Polychrony for system design. J. Circuits Syst. Comput.]]","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126603000763"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/43.736561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Lee E. A. and \n      Xiong Y\n  . \n  2001\n  . System-level types for component-based design. In Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'01). T. A. Henzinger and C. M. Kirsch Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. \n  2211\n  . \n  Springer Berlin 32--49.]]   Lee E. A. and Xiong Y. 2001. System-level types for component-based design. In Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT'01). T. A. Henzinger and C. M. Kirsch Eds. Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 2211. Springer Berlin 32--49.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Parallel & Distributed Algorithms. M. Cosnard et al. Eds., Elsevier Science","author":"Mattern F.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mattern , F. 1989 . Virtual time and global states of distributed systems . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Parallel & Distributed Algorithms. M. Cosnard et al. Eds., Elsevier Science , Berlin, 215--226.]] Mattern, F. 1989. Virtual time and global states of distributed systems. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Parallel & Distributed Algorithms. M. Cosnard et al. Eds., Elsevier Science, Berlin, 215--226.]]"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Forum on Specification and Design Languages (FDL).]]","author":"Mathaikutty D.","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Mathaikutty , D. , Patel , H. , and Shukla , S . 2004. A functional programming framework of heterogeneous model of computations for system design . In Proceedings of the Forum on Specification and Design Languages (FDL).]] Mathaikutty, D., Patel, H., and Shukla, S. 2004. A functional programming framework of heterogeneous model of computations for system design. In Proceedings of the Forum on Specification and Design Languages (FDL).]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mathaikutty D. Patel H. Shukla S. and Jantsch A. 2005. UMoC++: A C++ -based multi-MoC modeling environment. In Advances in Design and Specification Languages for SoCs\u2014Selected Contributions from FDL'05 A. Vachoux Ed. Chapter 7. Springer Berlin.]]  Mathaikutty D. Patel H. Shukla S. and Jantsch A. 2005. UMoC++: A C++ -based multi-MoC modeling environment. In Advances in Design and Specification Languages for SoCs\u2014Selected Contributions from FDL'05 A. Vachoux Ed. Chapter 7. Springer Berlin.]]","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-4998-9_7"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applications of Concurrency in System Design (ACSD)","author":"Potop-Butucaru D.","key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Potop-Butucaru , D. , Caillaud , B. , and Benveniste , A . 2004. Concurrency in synchronous systems . In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applications of Concurrency in System Design (ACSD) . Hamilton, Canada.]] Potop-Butucaru, D., Caillaud, B., and Benveniste, A. 2004. Concurrency in synchronous systems. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applications of Concurrency in System Design (ACSD). Hamilton, Canada.]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSD.2005.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2003.819898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646236.682884"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1376804.1376811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1376804.1376811","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:57:55Z","timestamp":1750255075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1376804.1376811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1376804.1376811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1376804.1376811","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1539-9087"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-3465"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-03-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-03-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}