{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:36:56Z","timestamp":1750307816842,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A key requirement for IETF recognition of new TCP algorithms is having an independent, interoperable implementation. This paper describes our BSD-licensed implementation of H-TCP within FreeBSD 7.0, publicly available as a dynamically loadable kernel module. Based on our implementation experience we provide a summary description of the H-TCP algorithm to assist other groups build further interoperable implementations. Using data from our live testbed we demonstrate that our version exhibits expected H-TCP behavior, and describe a number of implementation-specific issues that influence H-TCP's dynamic behavior. Finally, we illustrate the actual collateral impact on path latency of using H-TCP instead of NewReno. In particular we illustrate how, compared to NewReno, H-TCP's cwnd growth strategy can cause faster fluctuations in queue sizes at, yet lower median latency through, congestion points. We believe these insights will prove valuable predictors of H-TCP's potential impact if deployed in consumer end-hosts in addition to specialist, high-performance network environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1384609.1384613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,2]],"date-time":"2008-07-02T12:09:19Z","timestamp":1215000559000},"page":"27-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An independent H-TCP implementation under FreeBSD 7.0"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Grenville","family":"Armitage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Welzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Innsbruck, Austria"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"J. Postel \"Transmission Control Protocol \" RFC 793 (Standard) Sep. 1981 updated by RFC 3168. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc793.txt]]  J. Postel \"Transmission Control Protocol \" RFC 793 (Standard) Sep. 1981 updated by RFC 3168. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc793.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Apr.","author":"Floyd S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Floyd , T. Henderson , and A. Gurtov , \" The NewReno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm,\" RFC 3782 (Proposed Standard) , Apr. 2004 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc3782.txt]] S. Floyd, T. Henderson, and A. Gurtov, \"The NewReno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm,\" RFC 3782 (Proposed Standard), Apr. 2004. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc3782.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Apr.","author":"Allman M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"M. Allman , V. Paxson , and W. Stevens , \" TCP Congestion Control,\" RFC 2581 (Proposed Standard) , Apr. 1999 , updated by RFC 3390. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2581.txt]] M. Allman, V. Paxson, and W. Stevens, \"TCP Congestion Control,\" RFC 2581 (Proposed Standard), Apr. 1999, updated by RFC 3390. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2581.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Cancun","author":"Fomenkov M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. Fomenkov , K. Keys , D. Moore , K. Claffy , \"Longitudinal study of Internet traffic in 1998-2003,\" in Winter International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies (WISICT) , Cancun , Mexico , January 2004 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.caida.org\/publications\/papers\/2003\/nlanr\/nlanr overview.pdf]] M. Fomenkov, K. Keys, D. Moore, K. Claffy, \"Longitudinal study of Internet traffic in 1998-2003,\" in Winter International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies (WISICT), Cancun, Mexico, January 2004. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.caida.org\/publications\/papers\/2003\/nlanr\/nlanr overview.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"S. Floyd \"Congestion Control Principles \" RFC 2914 (Best Current Practice) Sep. 2000. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2914.txt]]   S. Floyd \"Congestion Control Principles \" RFC 2914 (Best Current Practice) Sep. 2000. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2914.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Floyd \"HighSpeed TCP for Large Congestion Windows \" RFC 3649 (Experimental) Dec. 2003. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc3649.txt]]   S. Floyd \"HighSpeed TCP for Large Congestion Windows \" RFC 3649 (Experimental) Dec. 2003. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc3649.txt]]","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2007.896240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"\"{e2e} Are we doing sliding window in the Internet?\" January 2008. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/mailman.postel.org\/pipermail\/end2end-interest\/2008-January\/007032.html]]  \"{e2e} Are we doing sliding window in the Internet?\" January 2008. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/mailman.postel.org\/pipermail\/end2end-interest\/2008-January\/007032.html]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Internet Research Task Force \"Internet Congestion Control Research Group \" Accessed 8 Jan 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.irtf.org\/charter?gtype=rg&group=iccrg]]  Internet Research Task Force \"Internet Congestion Control Research Group \" Accessed 8 Jan 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.irtf.org\/charter?gtype=rg&group=iccrg]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Internet Engineering Task Force \"Experimental Specification of New Congestion Control \" July 2007 Accessed 3 Mar 2008. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/IESG\/content\/ions\/ion-tsv-alt-cc.txt]]  Internet Engineering Task Force \"Experimental Specification of New Congestion Control \" July 2007 Accessed 3 Mar 2008. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/IESG\/content\/ions\/ion-tsv-alt-cc.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Internet Research Task Force \"Transport Modeling Research Group \" Accessed 8 Jan 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.irtf.org\/charter?gtype=rg&group=tmrg]]  Internet Research Task Force \"Transport Modeling Research Group \" Accessed 8 Jan 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.irtf.org\/charter?gtype=rg&group=tmrg]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"J. Healy L. Stewart \"H-TCP Congestion Control Algorithm for FreeBSD \" December 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/caia.swin.edu.au\/urp\/newtcp\/tools\/htcp-readme-0.9.txt]]  J. Healy L. Stewart \"H-TCP Congestion Control Algorithm for FreeBSD \" December 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/caia.swin.edu.au\/urp\/newtcp\/tools\/htcp-readme-0.9.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"\"The Network Simulator - ns-2 \" Accessed 19 Nov 2007. {Online}. Available:http:\/\/www.isi.edu\/nsnam\/ns\/]]  \"The Network Simulator - ns-2 \" Accessed 19 Nov 2007. {Online}. Available:http:\/\/www.isi.edu\/nsnam\/ns\/]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Nagle \"Congestion control in IP\/TCP internetworks \" RFC 896 Jan. 1984. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc896.txt]]   J. Nagle \"Congestion control in IP\/TCP internetworks \" RFC 896 Jan. 1984. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc896.txt]]","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc0896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"R. Braden \"Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers \" RFC 1122 (Standard) Oct. 1989 updated by RFC 1349. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc1122.txt]]   R. Braden \"Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Communication Layers \" RFC 1122 (Standard) Oct. 1989 updated by RFC 1349. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc1122.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"GB","author":"Andrew L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"L. Andrew , C. Marcondes , S. Floyd , L. Dunn , R. Guillier , W. Gang , L. Eggert , S. Ha , and I. Rhee , \" Towards a Common TCP Evauation Suite,\" in Sixth International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks, Manchester , GB , March 2008 . {Online}. Available : http:\/\/www.hep.man.ac.uk\/PFLDnet2008\/paper\/08 Lachlan pfldnet2008.pdf]] L. Andrew, C. Marcondes, S. Floyd, L. Dunn, R. Guillier, W. Gang, L. Eggert, S. Ha, and I. Rhee, \"Towards a Common TCP Evauation Suite,\" in Sixth International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks, Manchester, GB, March 2008. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.hep.man.ac.uk\/PFLDnet2008\/paper\/08 Lachlan pfldnet2008.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Nara","author":"Ha S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"S. Ha , Y. Kim , L. Le , I. Rhee , and L. Xu , \" A Step toward Realistic Performance Evaluation of High-Speed TCP Variants,\" in Fourth International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks , Nara , Japan , March 2006 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/netsrv.csc.ncsu.edu\/export\/realistic-evaluation.pdf]] S. Ha, Y. Kim, L. Le, I. Rhee, and L. Xu, \"A Step toward Realistic Performance Evaluation of High-Speed TCP Variants,\" in Fourth International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks, Nara, Japan, March 2006. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/netsrv.csc.ncsu.edu\/export\/realistic-evaluation.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"85","volume-title":"CA USA","author":"Lee G. S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"G. S. Lee , L. L. H. Andrew , A. Tang , and S. H. Low , \" WAN-in-Lab: Motivation, Deployment and Experiments,\" in Fifth International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks, Marina Del Rey , CA USA , February 2007 , pp. 85 -- 90 . {Online}. Available : http:\/\/wil.cs.caltech.edu\/pubs\/PFLDnet07.pdf]] G. S. Lee, L. L. H. Andrew, A. Tang, and S. H. Low, \"WAN-in-Lab: Motivation, Deployment and Experiments,\" in Fifth International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks, Marina Del Rey, CA USA, February 2007, pp. 85--90. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/wil.cs.caltech.edu\/pubs\/PFLDnet07.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/956993.957002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"\"The Web100 Project \" November 2007 Accessed 19 Nov 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/web100.org\/]]  \"The Web100 Project \" November 2007 Accessed 19 Nov 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/web100.org\/]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"L. Stewart J. Healy \"Characterising the Behaviour and Performance of SIFTR v1.1.0 \" CAIA Tech. Rep. 070824A August 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/caia.swin.edu.au\/reports\/070824A\/CAIA-TR-070824A.pdf]]  L. Stewart J. Healy \"Characterising the Behaviour and Performance of SIFTR v1.1.0 \" CAIA Tech. Rep. 070824A August 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/caia.swin.edu.au\/reports\/070824A\/CAIA-TR-070824A.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"L. Stewart J. Healy \"Light-Weight Modular TCP Congestion Control for FreeBSD 7 \" CAIA Tech. Rep. 071218A December 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/caia.swin.edu.au\/reports\/070717B\/CAIA-TR-070717B.pdf]]  L. Stewart J. Healy \"Light-Weight Modular TCP Congestion Control for FreeBSD 7 \" CAIA Tech. Rep. 071218A December 2007. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/caia.swin.edu.au\/reports\/070717B\/CAIA-TR-070717B.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Branch jhealy tcpcc,\" Accessed","author":"Healy J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. Healy , L. Stewart , \"P4DB : Branch jhealy tcpcc,\" Accessed 3 Mar 2008 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/perforce.freebsd.org\/branchView.cgi?BRANCH=jhealy%5ftcpcc]] J. Healy, L. Stewart, \"P4DB: Branch jhealy tcpcc,\" Accessed 3 Mar 2008. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/perforce.freebsd.org\/branchView.cgi?BRANCH=jhealy%5ftcpcc]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"D. J. Leith R. N. Shorten \"On RTT Scaling in H-TCP \" Hamilton Institute Tech. Rep. September 2005. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.hamilton.ie\/net\/rtt.pdf]]  D. J. Leith R. N. Shorten \"On RTT Scaling in H-TCP \" Hamilton Institute Tech. Rep. September 2005. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.hamilton.ie\/net\/rtt.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Argonne","author":"Leith D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"D. Leith , R. Shorten , \"H-TCP : TCP for high-speed and long-distance networks,\" in Second International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks , Argonne , Illinois USA , February 2004 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.hamilton.ie\/net\/htcp3.pdf]] D. Leith, R. Shorten, \"H-TCP: TCP for high-speed and long-distance networks,\" in Second International Workshop on Protocols for Fast Long-Distance Networks, Argonne, Illinois USA, February 2004. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.hamilton.ie\/net\/htcp3.pdf]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Oct.","author":"Mathis M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"M. Mathis , J. Mahdavi , S. Floyd , and A. Romanow , \" TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options,\" RFC 2018 (Proposed Standard) , Oct. 1996 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2018.txt]] M. Mathis, J. Mahdavi, S. Floyd, and A. Romanow, \"TCP Selective Acknowledgement Options,\" RFC 2018 (Proposed Standard), Oct. 1996. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2018.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"May","author":"Jacobson V.","year":"1992","unstructured":"V. Jacobson , R. Braden , and D. Borman , \" TCP Extensions for High Performance,\" RFC 1323 (Proposed Standard) , May 1992 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc1323.txt]] V. Jacobson, R. Braden, and D. Borman, \"TCP Extensions for High Performance,\" RFC 1323 (Proposed Standard), May 1992. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc1323.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Nov.","author":"Paxson V.","year":"2000","unstructured":"V. Paxson and M. Allman , \" Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer,\" RFC 2988 (Proposed Standard) , Nov. 2000 . {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2988.txt]] V. Paxson and M. Allman, \"Computing TCP's Retransmission Timer,\" RFC 2988 (Proposed Standard), Nov. 2000. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc2988.txt]]"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/251007.251012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"M. Welzl \"Port of h-tcp from ns-2.26 to ns-2.31 \" Accessed 22 May 2008. {Online}. Available: http:\/\/caia.swin.edu.au\/urp\/newtcp\/tools\/htcp ns-2.31.tar.gz]]  M. Welzl \"Port of h-tcp from ns-2.26 to ns-2.31 \" Accessed 22 May 2008. {Online}. 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