{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T12:11:25Z","timestamp":1763467885507,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSF 032-5269NSF 043-0166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 032-5269NSF 043-0166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Software engineers must systematically account for the broad scope of environmental behavior, including nonfunctional requirements, intended to coordinate the actions of stakeholders and software systems. The Inquiry Cycle Model (ICM) provides engineers with a strategy to acquire and refine these requirements by having domain experts answer six questions: who, what, where, when, how, and why. Goal-based requirements engineering has led to the formalization of requirements to answer the ICM questions about\n            <jats:italic>when<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>how<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>why<\/jats:italic>\n            goals are achieved, maintained, or avoided. In this article, we present a systematic process called\n            <jats:italic>Semantic Parameterization<\/jats:italic>\n            for expressing natural language domain descriptions of goals as specifications in description logic. The formalization of goals in description logic allows engineers to automate inquiries using\n            <jats:italic>who<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>what<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>where<\/jats:italic>\n            questions, completing the formalization of the ICM questions. The contributions of this approach include new theory to conceptually compare and disambiguate goal specifications that enables querying goals and organizing goals into specialization hierarchies. The artifacts in the process include a dictionary that aligns the domain lexicon with unique concepts, distinguishing between synonyms and polysemes, and several natural language patterns that aid engineers in mapping common domain descriptions to formal specifications. Semantic Parameterization has been empirically validated in three case studies on policy and regulatory descriptions that govern information systems in the finance and health-care domains.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1416563.1416565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,11]],"date-time":"2008-11-11T12:59:40Z","timestamp":1226408380000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Semantic parameterization"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Travis D.","family":"Breaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie I.","family":"Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/850944.853130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-003-0183-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSECP.2004.1281243"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE'94","author":"Ant\u00f3n A.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"volume-title":"The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation and Applications","author":"Baader F.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511711787"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2005.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/POLICY.2005.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1102199.1102210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2006.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(83)90014-2"},{"volume":"258","volume-title":"Proceedings of 3rd OWL: Experiences and Directions Workshop.","author":"Cregan A.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6423(93)90021-G"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software: Science, Technology and Engineering. 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The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Aldine Chicago IL.  Glaser B. and Strauss A. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Aldine Chicago IL."},{"volume-title":"Agency and Deontic Logic","author":"Horty J.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/0195134613.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/590564.590577"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium Requirements Engineering. IEEE Computer Society Press","author":"Jackson M.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/227726.227734"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11853107_13"},{"volume":"258","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd OWL: Experiences and Directions Workshop.","author":"Kaljurand K.","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keenan E. and Faltz L. 1985. Boolean Semantics for Natural Language. D. Reidel Boston MA chapter \u201cTransitive Adjective Phrases\u201d 190--192.  Keenan E. and Faltz L. 1985. Boolean Semantics for Natural Language. D. Reidel Boston MA chapter \u201cTransitive Adjective Phrases\u201d 190--192.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-6404-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062455.1062526"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI 2006 Spring Symposium on Formalizing and Compiling Background Knowledge and Its Application to Knowledge Representation and Question Answering. AAAI Press","year":"2006","author":"Matuszek C.","key":"e_1_2_1_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008627026003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/505168.505170"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Nirenburg S. and Raskin V. 2004. Ontological Semantics. MIT Press Cambridge MA.  Nirenburg S. and Raskin V. 2004. Ontological Semantics. 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AAAI Press","year":"2002","author":"Welty C.","key":"e_1_2_1_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/158431.158438"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1416563.1416565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1416563.1416565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T20:22:29Z","timestamp":1750278149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1416563.1416565"}},"subtitle":["A process for modeling domain descriptions"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1416563.1416565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1416563.1416565","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1049-331X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7392"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}