{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:14:23Z","timestamp":1758845663307,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>TCP\/IP is known to have poor performance under conditions of moderate to high packet loss (5%-20%) and end-to-end latency (20-200 ms). The CHART system, under development by HP and its partners under contract to the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, is a careful re-engineering of Internet Layer 3 and Layer 4 protocols to improve TCP\/IP performance in these cases. The CHART system has just completed the second phase of a three-phase, 42-month development cycle. The goal for the 42-month program was a 10x improvement in the performance of TCP\/IP under conditions of loss and delay. In independent tests for DARPA at Science Applications In-ternational Corporation, the CHART System demonstrated a 20x performance improvement over TCP\/IP, exceeding the goals for the program by a factor of two. Fairness to legacy TCP and UDP ows was further demonstrated in DARPA testing. We describe the CHART System as a set of five interacting services and protocol improvements which act together to make TCP\/IP robust under conditions of loss and latency, and we describe and detail the test regime and performance results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1496909.1496916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T13:48:36Z","timestamp":1233236916000},"page":"26-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The CHART system"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Brassil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"McGeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]},{"given":"Puneet","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Yalagandula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]},{"given":"Sujata","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]},{"given":"Sung-Ju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Apr.","author":"Forum ATM","year":"1996","unstructured":"ATM Forum . 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Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Functional Specification. IETF RFC 2205, Sep. 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Sept.","author":"Braden R.","year":"1997","unstructured":"R. Braden , L. Zhang , S. Berson , S. Herzog , and S. Jamin . Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Functional Specification. RFC 2205 (Proposed Standard) , Sept. 1997 . Updated by RFCs 2750, 3936, 4495. R. Braden, L. Zhang, S. Berson, S. Herzog, and S. Jamin. Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1 Functional Specification. RFC 2205 (Proposed Standard), Sept. 1997. Updated by RFCs 2750, 3936, 4495."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Preparation","author":"Brassil J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"J. Brassil , B. Mark , R. McGeer , S. Schwab , P. Sharma , and P. Yalagandula . The case for service overlays . In Preparation , 2008 . J. Brassil, B. Mark, R. McGeer, S. Schwab, P. Sharma, and P. Yalagandula. The case for service overlays. 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