{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:34:51Z","timestamp":1750307691297,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["XRDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Computational semantics has become an interesting and important branch of computational linguistics. Born from the fusion of formal semantics and computer science, it is concerned with the automated processing of meaning associated with natural language expressions [2]. Systems of semantic representation, hereafter referred to as semantic formalisms, exist to describe meaning underlying natural language expressions. To date, several formalisms have been defined by researchers from a number of diverse disciplines including philosophy, logic, psychology and linguistics. These formalisms have a number of different applications in the realm of computer science. For example, in machine translation a sentence could be parsed and translated into a series of semantic expressions, which could then be used to generate an utterance with the same meaning in a different language [14]. This paper presents two existing formalisms and examines their user-friendliness. Additionally, a new form of semantic representation is proposed with wide coverage and user-friendliness suitable for a computational linguist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1519390.1519395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T16:34:22Z","timestamp":1239035662000},"page":"17-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards a user-friendly semantic formalism for natural language generation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Craig","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"R. Bird. Introduction to Functional Programming Using Haskell. Prentice Hall Series in Computer Science. Prentice Hall Europe London UK second edition 1988. R. Bird. Introduction to Functional Programming Using Haskell . Prentice Hall Series in Computer Science. Prentice Hall Europe London UK second edition 1988."},{"issue":"46","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Computational semantics","volume":"18","author":"Blackburn P.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"D. R. Dowty . Introduction to Montague Semantics volume 11 of Synthese Language Library . D. Reidel Publishing Company Dordrecht Holland 1981 . D. R. Dowty. Introduction to Montague Semantics volume 11 of Synthese Language Library . D. Reidel Publishing Company Dordrecht Holland 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"M. C. Donald. A Metalinguistic Framework for Specifying Generative Semantics. Master's thesis Queen's University 2005. M. C. Donald. A Metalinguistic Framework for Specifying Generative Semantics. Master's thesis Queen's University 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-044854-2\/01090-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Universals in Linguistic Theory","author":"Fillmore C. J.","year":"1968"},{"volume-title":"Current Studies in Linguistics Series. The MIT Press","year":"1983","author":"Jackendoff R.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"volume-title":"The MIT Press","year":"1990","author":"Jackendoff R.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"J. Jacobs. The Story of the Three Little Pigs.. In J.W. Griffith and C.H. Frey editors Classics of Children's Literature pages 815-817. Macmillan Publishing Company second edition 1987. J. Jacobs. The Story of the Three Little Pigs. . In J.W. Griffith and C.H. Frey editors Classics of Children's Literature pages 815-817. Macmillan Publishing Company second edition 1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/981131.981166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/980491.980509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Lehmann. Semantic Networks. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 23(2-5):1-50 1992. F. Lehmann. Semantic Networks. Computers & Mathematics with Applications 23(2-5):1-50 1992.","DOI":"10.1016\/0898-1221(92)90135-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"COLING 2004 eLearning for Computational Linguistics and Computational Linguistics for eLearning","author":"Levison M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1225403.1225417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Formal Philosophy","author":"Montague R.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"1031","volume-title":"Handbook of Modal Logic","author":"Moss L. S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195136975.003.0024","volume-title":"Semantics: A Reader","author":"Reichenbach H.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(72)90022-9"},{"volume-title":"Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science. Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd.","year":"1991","author":"Tennent R.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1"},{"volume-title":"Inc.","year":"1982","author":"Winograd T.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1"}],"container-title":["XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1519390.1519395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1519390.1519395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T13:29:54Z","timestamp":1750253394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1519390.1519395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1519390.1519395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1519390.1519395","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4972","1528-4980"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1528-4972"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1528-4980"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}