{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:31:38Z","timestamp":1750307498668,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"NM2: New Media, New Millennium","award":["FP6 IST-004124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP6 IST-004124"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7 214793"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7 214793"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comput. Entertain."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            This article is motivated by the opportunity presented by recent advances in information and communication technology\u2014particularly by faster broadband connections and faster digital media processing capabilities\u2014for interactive television to extend and develop\n            <jats:italic>interactive storytelling<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>interactive narratives<\/jats:italic>\n            . This will give viewers the ability to shape and configure the programs they watch,\n            <jats:italic>while watching<\/jats:italic>\n            , according to their needs and desires. Rather than consuming a predefined linear narration\u2014represented by the traditional dramatic or factual program\u2014which has to address the potential audience as a whole, individuals or groups of viewers can receive tailored-made personal narratives. Each viewer can thus potentially become an active explorer of a\n            <jats:italic>narrative space<\/jats:italic>\n            rather than a receiver of a predefined narration. This article presents the production of\n            <jats:italic>A Golden Age<\/jats:italic>\n            , an interactive configurable documentary about the arts of the Renaissance in England, as a comprehensive illustration of the potential offered by interactive narration. At the same time, it is also a successful example of the employment of the recently developed, production- and genre-independent, ShapeShifting Media technology in the realization of a good quality interactive narrative. This article describes the concept of\n            <jats:italic>A Golden Age<\/jats:italic>\n            , the content production process, carried out from the outset with the aim of producing an interactive experience, and, finally, its authoring and delivery with the ShapeShifting Media toolkit. The focus of the presentation is on the design and implementation of the computational interactive narrative structures expressed in the Narrative Structure Language (NSL), the declarative representation language underlying ShapeShifting Media.\n            <jats:italic>A Golden Age<\/jats:italic>\n            places a distinct emphasis on the quality and style of each emerging individual narration, aiming at levels at least comparable to those of (good quality) linearly compiled documentaries. NSL and the ShapeShifting Media toolkit provided the means to achieve this.\n            <jats:italic>A Golden Age<\/jats:italic>\n            is a production realized by Illuminations Television Ltd, London, in collaboration with Goldsmiths, University of London and BT over a period of more or less two years. Approximately 50 hours of rushes were filmed for its production.\n            <jats:italic>A Golden Age<\/jats:italic>\n            has already inspired the production of another similar documentary,\n            <jats:italic>Films of Fact<\/jats:italic>\n            , soon to be released in the public domain as an installation at the Science Museum, London, and, it is hoped, will continue to serve as inspiration for other interactive documentaries.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1594943.1594953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]],"date-time":"2009-10-06T18:18:59Z","timestamp":1254853139000},"page":"1-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Interactive documentaries"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Marian F.","family":"Ursu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Goldsmiths, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilmos","family":"Zsombori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goldsmiths, University of London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wyver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illuminations, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illuminations, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Kegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2003.1218260"},{"volume-title":"Media Lab","author":"Aquarium 0.","unstructured":"Aquarium (Akvaario). 200 0. Media Lab , Helsinki University of Art and Design Finland. Broadcast by The Finnish Broadcasting Company . Aquarium (Akvaario). 2000. Media Lab, Helsinki University of Art and Design Finland. Broadcast by The Finnish Broadcasting Company.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1083356.1083427"},{"unstructured":"Bulterman D. C. A. and Rutledge L. 2008. SMIL 3.0: Interactive Multimedia for the Web Mobile Devices and Daisy Talking Books. Springer Verlag Heidelberg.   Bulterman D. C. A. and Rutledge L. 2008. SMIL 3.0: Interactive Multimedia for the Web Mobile Devices and Daisy Talking Books. Springer Verlag Heidelberg.","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"volume-title":"Developing Interactive Narrative Content: Sagas\/Sagasnet","author":"Bushoff B.","unstructured":"Bushoff , B. 2005. Developing Interactive Narrative Content: Sagas\/Sagasnet , High Text , Munich . Bushoff, B. 2005. Developing Interactive Narrative Content: Sagas\/Sagasnet, High Text, Munich.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"volume-title":"Films of Fact","author":"Films","unstructured":"Films -of-Fact. 2008. Films of Fact , Science Museum , London . http:\/\/www.sciencemuseum.org.uk\/visitmuseum\/galleries\/films_of_fact.aspx Films-of-Fact. 2008. Films of Fact, Science Museum, London. http:\/\/www.sciencemuseum.org.uk\/visitmuseum\/galleries\/films_of_fact.aspx","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"unstructured":"Holby City. 1999--present. (episode Aug. 2005) BBC One.  Holby City. 1999--present. (episode Aug. 2005) BBC One.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide","author":"Jenkins H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jenkins , H. 2006 . Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide . New York University Press , New York . Jenkins, H. 2006. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. 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