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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Webcams placed all over the world observe and record the visual appearance of a variety of outdoor scenes over long periods of time. The recorded time-lapse image sequences cover a wide range of illumination and weather conditions -- a vast untapped resource for creating visual realism. In this work, we propose to use a large repository of webcams as a \"clip art\" library from which users may transfer scene appearance (objects, scene backdrops, outdoor illumination) into their own time-lapse sequences or even single photographs. The goal is to combine the recent ideas from data-driven appearance transfer techniques with a general and theoretically-grounded physically-based illumination model. To accomplish this, the paper presents three main research contributions: 1) a new, high-quality outdoor webcam database that has been calibrated radiometrically and geometrically; 2) a novel approach for matching illuminations across different scenes based on the estimation of the properties of natural illuminants (sun, sky, weather and clouds), the camera geometry, and illumination-dependent scene features; 3) a new algorithm for generating physically plausible high dynamic range environment maps for each frame in a webcam sequence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T20:53:14Z","timestamp":1260305594000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Webcam clip art"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lalonde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei A.","family":"Efros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa G.","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2384436.2384445"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360638"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566614"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/280814.280864"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/4.9.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383296"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision.","author":"Goesele M.","unstructured":"Goesele , M. , Snavely , N. , Curless , B. , Hoppe , H. , and Seitz , S. 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