{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:16:21Z","timestamp":1759961781991,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["interactions"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Editor's Note: Occasionally in studying HCI history, I have stumbled upon large topics that I was unaware existed. Perhaps the most surprising has been the development of advanced information technologies, which preceded computers. In some ways, the constraints imposed by those technologies forced deeper thinking about information itself. In this column, Berkeley Professor Emeritus Michael Buckland describes the work of four dedicated creative pioneers.<jats:italic>---Jonathan Grudin<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1620693.1620712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,4]],"date-time":"2009-11-04T18:28:31Z","timestamp":1257359311000},"page":"76-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["TIMELINESAs we may recall"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Buckland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Paul Otlet Alex Wright. \"The Web Time Forgot.\" New York Times June 17 2008. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/06\/17\/science\/17mund.html Paul Otlet Alex Wright. \"The Web Time Forgot.\" New York Times June 17 2008. http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/06\/17\/science\/17mund.html"},{"volume-title":"Documentary film","year":"1998","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"\"Alle Kennis van de Wereld\" (Biography of Paul Otlet). Documentary film , 1998 . http:\/\/www.archive.org\/details\/paulotlet \"Alle Kennis van de Wereld\" (Biography of Paul Otlet). Documentary film, 1998. http:\/\/www.archive.org\/details\/paulotlet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Rayward's Otlet Page. http:\/\/people.lis.illinois.edu\/~wrayward\/otlet\/otletpage.htm Rayward's Otlet Page. http:\/\/people.lis.illinois.edu\/~wrayward\/otlet\/otletpage.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"International Organisation and Dissemination of Knowledge: Selected Essays","author":"Otlet P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"P. Otlet . International Organisation and Dissemination of Knowledge: Selected Essays . Amsterdam : Elsevier , 1990 . http:\/\/www.archive.org\/details\/internationalorg00otle P. Otlet. International Organisation and Dissemination of Knowledge: Selected Essays. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990. http:\/\/www.archive.org\/details\/internationalorg00otle"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Wilhelm Ostwald See the website of Thomas Hapke http:\/\/www.tu-harburg.de\/b\/hapke\/ostwald\/ostwald.htm Wilhelm Ostwald See the website of Thomas Hapke http:\/\/www.tu-harburg.de\/b\/hapke\/ostwald\/ostwald.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Emanuel Goldberg Emanuel Goldberg. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emanuel_Goldberg Emanuel Goldberg Emanuel Goldberg. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emanuel_Goldberg"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400644856","volume-title":"Emanuel Goldberg and His Knowledge Machine","author":"Buckland M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"M. Buckland . Emanuel Goldberg and His Knowledge Machine . Santa Barbara : Libraries Unlimited , 2006 . M. Buckland. Emanuel Goldberg and His Knowledge Machine. Santa Barbara: Libraries Unlimited, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"What Is Documentation? Lanham","author":"Briet S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suzanne Briet S. Briet . What Is Documentation? Lanham , MD : Scarecrow Press , 2006 . Translation of Qu'est-ce que la documentation (EDIT, Paris, 1951). Suzanne Briet S. Briet. What Is Documentation? Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2006. Translation of Qu'est-ce que la documentation (EDIT, Paris, 1951)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"See Ron Day's Briet webpage at http:\/\/ella.slis.indiana.edu\/~roday\/briet.htm for a brief biography annotated translation commentary on documentation as \"cultural technique \" and a selective list of Briet's writings along with other material. See Ron Day's Briet webpage at http:\/\/ella.slis.indiana.edu\/~roday\/briet.htm for a brief biography annotated translation commentary on documentation as \"cultural technique \" and a selective list of Briet's writings along with other material."}],"container-title":["Interactions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1620693.1620712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1620693.1620712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:18:02Z","timestamp":1750249082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1620693.1620712"}},"subtitle":["four forgotten pioneers"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1620693.1620712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1620693.1620712","relation":{},"ISSN":["1072-5520","1558-3449"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1072-5520"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-3449"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-11-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}