{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:21:18Z","timestamp":1761862878866,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]],"date-time":"2009-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1253836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>On Nov. 4 2008, the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules for unlicensed use of television white spaces. The IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) standard is the first IEEE standard utilizing cognitive radio (CR) technology to exploit the television white space. A decision engine that is able to respond to the changes in the radio environment is necessary to efficiently exploit underutilized spectrum resources and avoid interfering with the licensed systems (e.g., TV services). This paper discusses the development of a case-based reasoning cognitive engine (CBR-CE) for the IEEE 802.22 WRAN applications. The performance of the CBR-CE is evaluated under various radio scenarios and compared to that of several multi objective search based algorithms, including the hill climbing search (HCS) and the genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results show that the developed CBR-CE can achieve comparable utility with faster adaptation than the search based cognitive engines after appropriate training \/ learning. The learning process of the CBR is also simulated and discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1621076.1621081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]],"date-time":"2009-10-06T18:18:59Z","timestamp":1254853139000},"page":"37-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Development of a case-based reasoning cognitive engine for IEEE 802.22 WRAN applications"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"An","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, USA"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Gaeddert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, USA"}]},{"given":"Kyung Kyoon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liberty University, USA"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, USA"}]},{"given":"Lizdabel","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech, USA"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Korea"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"IEEE. IEEE 802.22 working group on wireless regional area networks. http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/22\/.  IEEE. IEEE 802.22 working group on wireless regional area networks. http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/22\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"FCC. FCC adopts rules for unlicensed use of television white spaces. http:\/\/hraunfoss.fcc.gov\/edocs_public\/attachmatch\/DOC-286566A1.pdf Nov. 2008.  FCC. FCC adopts rules for unlicensed use of television white spaces. http:\/\/hraunfoss.fcc.gov\/edocs_public\/attachmatch\/DOC-286566A1.pdf Nov. 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"A tutorial introduction to case-based reasoning","author":"Kolodner J.L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"J.L. Kolodner and D. Leake . A tutorial introduction to case-based reasoning . In D. Leake, editor, Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons and Future Directions, chapter 2, pages 31 -- 65 . MIT Press , Cambridge, MA., 1996 . J.L. Kolodner and D. Leake. A tutorial introduction to case-based reasoning. In D. Leake, editor, Case-Based Reasoning: Experiences, Lessons and Future Directions, chapter 2, pages 31--65. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA., 1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","series-title":"Wiley Series on Intelligent Systems","volume-title":"Foundations of Soft Case-Based Reasoning","author":"Shiu S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"S. Shiu and S.K. Pal . Foundations of Soft Case-Based Reasoning . Wiley Series on Intelligent Systems .Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken , NJ , 2004 . S. Shiu and S.K. Pal. Foundations of Soft Case-Based Reasoning. Wiley Series on Intelligent Systems.Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, NJ, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"MPRG","author":"Reed J.H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J.H. Reed Development of a cognitive engine and analysis of WRAN cognitive radio algorithms phase II. Report submitted to ETRI , MPRG , Virginia Tech , December 2006 . J.H. Reed et al. Development of a cognitive engine and analysis of WRAN cognitive radio algorithms phase II. Report submitted to ETRI, MPRG, Virginia Tech, December 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2007.4549770"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.v7:9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"SDR Forum Technical Conference","author":"Rondeau T.W.","unstructured":"T.W. Rondeau , B. Le , C.J. Rieser , and C.W. Bostian . Cognitive radios with genetic algorithms: Intelligent control of software defined radios . In SDR Forum Technical Conference , pages C- 3 --C-8, Phoenix, AZ, 2004. T.W. Rondeau, B. Le, C.J. Rieser, and C.W. Bostian. Cognitive radios with genetic algorithms: Intelligent control of software defined radios. In SDR Forum Technical Conference, pages C-3--C-8, Phoenix, AZ, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.v7:9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SDR.2006.4286331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"MPRG","author":"Reed J.H.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J.H. Reed Applying artificial intelligence to the development of a cognitive radio engine. Report submitted to ARO , MPRG , Virginia Tech , July 2006 . J.H. Reed et al. Applying artificial intelligence to the development of a cognitive radio engine. Report submitted to ARO, MPRG, Virginia Tech, July 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2007.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"MPRG. OSSIE. http:\/\/ossie.wireless.vt.edu\/.  MPRG. OSSIE. http:\/\/ossie.wireless.vt.edu\/."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1621076.1621081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1621076.1621081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:17:45Z","timestamp":1750249065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1621076.1621081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1621076.1621081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1621076.1621081","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1931-1222"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-09-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}