{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:31:40Z","timestamp":1750307500746,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]],"date-time":"2009-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1253836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we study tactical covert timing networks with dynamic spectrum access capability amidst adversaries. We present a two-tier game framework to model the attackdefense scenario. There are very few studies available in the literature on covert timing channels with multiple parallel transmissions. This paper presents a new paradigm combining the time diversity provided by covert timing channels and frequency diversity provided by dynamic spectrum switching, to combat jamming. The dynamic sensing of different spectrum bands and subsequent jamming by the attacker, and the camouflaging defense by the covert network are modeled as a two-tier game. We present a dynamic minimax camouflaging strategy for the covert network and sensing and jamming strategies for the attacker. We compare the performance of our proposed equilibrium strategies with that of other well known strategies and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed solution. We use theoretical analysis, simulations and testbed experiments to illustrate our ideas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1621076.1621086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]],"date-time":"2009-10-06T18:18:59Z","timestamp":1254853139000},"page":"96-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["On Adversarial Games in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networking based Covert Timing Channels?"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Chandramouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ECE, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WOWMOM.2005.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CrownCom)","author":"Cordeiro C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1427","article-title":"Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Cognitive Radio Networks","author":"Huang S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1983.1056602"},{"volume-title":"S.C. Chow, \"Encyclopedia of Biopharmaceutical Statistics,\" Informa HealthCare","year":"2003","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.36.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/362375.362389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"National Computer Security Center \"A guide to understanding covert channel analysis of trusted systems \" National Computer Security Center Ft. George G. Meade MD Tech. Rep. NCSGTG-030 Nov. 1993.  National Computer Security Center \"A guide to understanding covert channel analysis of trusted systems \" National Computer Security Center Ft. George G. Meade MD Tech. Rep. NCSGTG-030 Nov. 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSAC.1988.113348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"594","article-title":"Implementation of a Covert Channel in the 802.11 Header","author":"Frikha L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/32.106972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IIH-MSP.2008.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"An assessment of VoIP covert channel threats","author":"Takahashi T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Third International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communications Networks and the Workshops (SecureComm)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.144712"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"56","volume-title":"IEEE Computer Society Symposium on Research in Security and Privacy","author":"Morskowitz I.S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"1681","article-title":"On securityaware transmission scheduling","author":"He T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, (ICASSP)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"420","volume-title":"Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks","author":"Luo X.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2002.801405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doseresponserelationship.  http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doseresponserelationship."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"R. Derr \"Performing Exact Logistic Regression with the SAS System \" Proceedings of the 25th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 25) 2000.  R. Derr \"Performing Exact Logistic Regression with the SAS System \" Proceedings of the 25th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 25) 2000."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 27)","year":"2002","author":"Kuss O.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1"},{"volume-title":"MIT Press","year":"1991","author":"Fudenberg D.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1621076.1621086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1621076.1621086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:17:45Z","timestamp":1750249065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1621076.1621086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1621076.1621086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1621076.1621086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1931-1222"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-09-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}