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However, all such schemes suffer from a relatively low speed of convergence and exhibit a biased fairness behavior in moderate bandwidth high delay networks due to utilizing an insufficient amount of congestion feedback. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed ECN-based congestion control protocol to which we refer as Multi Packet Congestion Control Protocol (MPCP). In contrast to other alternatives, MPCP is able to relay a more precise congestion feedback yet preserve the utilization of the two ECN bits. MPCP distributes (extracts) congestion related information into (from) a series of n packets, thus allowing for a 2n-bit quantization of congestion measures with each packet carrying two of 2n bits in its ECN bits. We describe the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of MPCP through both simulations and experimental studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1629607.1629609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,8]],"date-time":"2009-10-08T17:31:08Z","timestamp":1255023068000},"page":"5-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["MPCP"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}]},{"given":"Homayoun","family":"Yousefi'zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/65.923940"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Data networks","author":"Bertsekas D.","year":"1992","unstructured":"D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager . Data networks ( 2 nd ed.). Prentice-Hall, Inc. , Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1992 . D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager. Data networks (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 1992.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the PFLDNet'05","author":"Bhandarkar S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"S. Bhandarkar , S. Jain , and A. Reddy . Improving TCP Performance in High Bandwidth High RTT Links Using Layered Congestion Control . In Proc. of the PFLDNet'05 , Feb. 2005 . S. Bhandarkar, S. Jain, and A. Reddy. Improving TCP Performance in High Bandwidth High RTT Links Using Layered Congestion Control. In Proc. of the PFLDNet'05, Feb. 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/956993.957007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"IETF RFC","author":"Floyd S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"S. Floyd , M. Allman , A. Jain , and P. Sarolahti . Quick-Start for TCP and IP . In IETF RFC 4782, Jan. 2007 . S. Floyd, M. Allman, A. Jain, and P. Sarolahti. Quick-Start for TCP and IP. In IETF RFC 4782, Jan. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/90.251892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"A Survey of Transport Protocols other than Standard TCP","author":"Goutelle M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. Goutelle , Y. Gu , and E. He . A Survey of Transport Protocols other than Standard TCP . In Data Transport Research Group , 2004 . work in progress, April 2004. M. Goutelle, Y. Gu, and E. He. A Survey of Transport Protocols other than Standard TCP. In Data Transport Research Group, 2004. work in progress, April 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/52324.52356"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"04","author":"Jin C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"C. Jin , D. Wei , and S. Low . FAST TCP: Motivation, Architecture, Algorithms, Performance. In Proc. of the Infocom 04 , 2004 . C. Jin, D. Wei, and S. Low. 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An Implementation and Experimental Study of the Vraiable-Structure Congestion Control Protocol (VCP) . In Proc. of the IEEE MILCOM, 2007 , Oct. 2007 . X. Li and H. Yousefi'zadeh. An Implementation and Experimental Study of the Vraiable-Structure Congestion Control Protocol (VCP). In Proc. of the IEEE MILCOM, 2007, Oct. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1817271.1817686"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2008.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"3168","author":"Ramakrishnan K.","year":"2001","unstructured":"K. Ramakrishnan , S. Floyd , and D. Black . The addition of explicit congestion notification (ECN) to IP. In IETF RFC 3168 , 2001 . K. Ramakrishnan, S. Floyd, and D. Black. The addition of explicit congestion notification (ECN) to IP. In IETF RFC 3168, 2001.","journal-title":"In IETF RFC"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1702135.1702198"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","first-page":"512","volume":"6","author":"Wydrowski B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"B. Wydrowski and M. Zukerman . MaxNet : A Congestion Control Architecture for Maxmin Fairness. IEEE Comm. Letters , 6 ( 11 ): 512 -- 514 , Nov. 2002 . B. Wydrowski and M. Zukerman. MaxNet: A Congestion Control Architecture for Maxmin Fairness. IEEE Comm. Letters, 6(11):512--514, Nov. 2002.","journal-title":"A Congestion Control Architecture for Maxmin Fairness. IEEE Comm. Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1080091.1080098"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the Infocom 04","author":"Xu L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"L. Xu , K. Harfoush , and I. Rhee . Binary Increase Congestion Control (BIC) for Fast Long-Distance Networks . In Proc. of the Infocom 04 , 2004 L. Xu, K. Harfoush, and I. Rhee. Binary Increase Congestion Control (BIC) for Fast Long-Distance Networks. 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