{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T19:39:49Z","timestamp":1768678789331,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":49,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,12]],"date-time":"2009-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/1632149.1632165","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T18:36:45Z","timestamp":1257878205000},"page":"112-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The adoption of open source software in business models"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Neeshal","family":"Munga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meraka Institute, Pretoria"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fogwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meraka Institute, Pretoria"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meraka Institute, Pretoria"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3401\/poms.1070.0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee J. A. 2006. Government Policy toward Open Source Software: The Puzzles of Neutrality and Competition Knowledge Technology&Policy 18(4):113--141. Lee J. A. 2006. Government Policy toward Open Source Software: The Puzzles of Neutrality and Competition Knowledge Technology&Policy 18(4):113--141.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12130-006-1007-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/52.744568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Workshop presentation at the 3rd Conference on Open Source Systems (OSS 2007","author":"Daffara C.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proc. of the First International Conference on Open Source Systems, Genova, 11th -- 15th July, 224--227","author":"Onetti A."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy S. 2003. An Analysis of Open Source Business Models Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software MIT Press Cambridge 279--296. Krishnamurthy S. 2003. An Analysis of Open Source Business Models Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software MIT Press Cambridge 279--296.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5326.003.0022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/991104.991105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proc. IST-Africa 2009","author":"Munga N.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Procc of the ECIS 2003, Conference on Information Systems - New Paradigms in Organizations, Markets and Society, June 18--22","author":"Rajala R."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2003.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2004.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2006.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01409170710823458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"848","article-title":"A competitive analysis of business models in e-commerce, Engineering Management Conference","volume":"2","author":"Wu Y. C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE International"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/11.3.529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.431.0032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Koenig J. 2004.Open Source Business Strategies Riseforth Inc. Koenig J. 2004.Open Source Business Strategies Riseforth Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2006.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young R. 1999. Giving it Away: How Red Hat Stumbled Across a New Economic Model and Helped Improve an Industry OpenSources Voices from the Open Source Revolution O'Reilly. Young R. 1999. Giving it Away: How Red Hat Stumbled Across a New Economic Model and Helped Improve an Industry OpenSources Voices from the Open Source Revolution O'Reilly.","DOI":"10.3998\/3336451.0004.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Red Hat enters the patent ring","volume":"167","author":"Mahmud S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Managing Intellectual Property"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemphill T. A. 2006. A Taxonomy of Closed and Open Source Software Industry Business Models International Journal of Innovation&Technology Management 3(1):61--82. Hemphill T. A. 2006. A Taxonomy of Closed and Open Source Software Industry Business Models International Journal of Innovation&Technology Management 3(1):61--82.","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219877006000661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"LXF. 2008. Red Hat in the black to the tune of $500 million Linux Format Magazine Issue 106 May 2008. LXF. 2008. Red Hat in the black to the tune of $500 million Linux Format Magazine Issue 106 May 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Annual Report","author":"Red Hat","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Shankland S. 2008. Red Hat's new CEO aims Linux at the cloud CNET News; Available at http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-1001_3-10002150-92.html; Accessed December 2008. Shankland S. 2008. Red Hat's new CEO aims Linux at the cloud CNET News; Available at http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-1001_3-10002150-92.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Shankland S. 2007. Red Hat to get new CEO from Delta Airlines CNET News; Available at http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13580_3-9837018-39.html; Accessed December 2008. Shankland S. 2007. Red Hat to get new CEO from Delta Airlines CNET News; Available at http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13580_3-9837018-39.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Assay M. 2008. Red Hat CEO: The secret to open-source success is iteration The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-10058670-16.html; Accessed December 2008. Assay M. 2008. Red Hat CEO: The secret to open-source success is iteration The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-10058670-16.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Hamm S. 2007. Red Hat Launches Open-Source Exchange Business Week Online; http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/technology\/content\/mar2007\/t c20070314_617979.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_businessweek+exclusives; Accessed November 2008. Hamm S. 2007. Red Hat Launches Open-Source Exchange Business Week Online; http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/technology\/content\/mar2007\/t c20070314_617979.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_businessweek+exclusives; Accessed November 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Assay M. 2008. The effects of open source on stock prices The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-9895316-16.html; Accessed December 2008. Assay M. 2008. The effects of open source on stock prices The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-9895316-16.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Assay M. 2008. Some intriguing data behind Red Hat's 29 percent growth The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-10050186-16.html; Accessed December 2008. Assay M. 2008. Some intriguing data behind Red Hat's 29 percent growth The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-10050186-16.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Information Week","author":"Babcock C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Montalbano E. 2008. Red Hat looks to mainstream markets for growth Computerworld; http:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/action\/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9116541; Accessed January 2009. Montalbano E. 2008. Red Hat looks to mainstream markets for growth Computerworld; http:\/\/www.computerworld.com\/action\/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9116541; Accessed January 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Haff G. 2008. The waning of pure play open source CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13556_3-10110383-61.html; Accessed December 2008. Haff G. 2008. The waning of pure play open source CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13556_3-10110383-61.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"IBM. 2004. Annual Report 2004; Available at http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/annualreport\/2004\/index.shtml; Accessed December 2008. IBM. 2004. Annual Report 2004; Available at http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/annualreport\/2004\/index.shtml; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Jollans A. 2008. Integrating Open Source into Your Business IBM Software Group; http:\/\/eliberatica.ro\/2008\/keynotes\/eLiberatica-2008-Adam-Jollans-IBM-Integrating-Open-Source-into-Your-Business.pdf; Accessed December 2008. Jollans A. 2008. Integrating Open Source into Your Business IBM Software Group; http:\/\/eliberatica.ro\/2008\/keynotes\/eLiberatica-2008-Adam-Jollans-IBM-Integrating-Open-Source-into-Your-Business.pdf; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","unstructured":"Khongwir G. 2008. Open Source a successful business model\" CIOL Online; http:\/\/www.ciol.com\/Open-Source\/Interviews\/Open-Source-a-successful-business-model\/10908110120\/0\/; Accessed December 2008. Khongwir G. 2008. Open Source a successful business model\" CIOL Online; http:\/\/www.ciol.com\/Open-Source\/Interviews\/Open-Source-a-successful-business-model\/10908110120\/0\/; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Rueker S. 2007. The LXer Interview: Bob Sutor of IBM LXer Linux News; http:\/\/lxer.com\/module\/newswire\/view\/89812\/; Accessed December 2008. Rueker S. 2007. The LXer Interview: Bob Sutor of IBM LXer Linux News; http:\/\/lxer.com\/module\/newswire\/view\/89812\/; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Assay M. 2007. Open source @ IBM: Savio Rodrigues speaks out The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-9742169-16.html; Accessed December 2008. Assay M. 2007. Open source @ IBM: Savio Rodrigues speaks out The Open Road CNET News; http:\/\/news.cnet.com\/8301-13505_3-9742169-16.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(03)00052-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1164394.1164412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9310.2006.00436.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.442.0249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Netcraft 2009. January 2009 Web Server Survey; http:\/\/news.netcraft.com\/archives\/web_server_survey.html; Accessed December 2008. Netcraft 2009. January 2009 Web Server Survey; http:\/\/news.netcraft.com\/archives\/web_server_survey.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jdm.2008040104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11066-004-2717-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"Derringer P. 2008. IBM nears a decade of Linux and open source Enterprise Linux News; http:\/\/searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com\/news\/article\/0 289142 sid39_gci1322052 00.html; Accessed December 2008. Derringer P. 2008. IBM nears a decade of Linux and open source Enterprise Linux News; http:\/\/searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com\/news\/article\/0 289142 sid39_gci1322052 00.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Derringer P. 2008. IBM furthers the Linux cause with server desktop moves Enterprise Linux News; http:\/\/searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com\/news\/article\/0 289142 sid39_gci1324370 00.html; Accessed December 2008. Derringer P. 2008. IBM furthers the Linux cause with server desktop moves Enterprise Linux News; http:\/\/searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com\/news\/article\/0 289142 sid39_gci1324370 00.html; Accessed December 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Red Hat Inc. 2009. Statement of Position and Our Promise on Software Patents Available at http:\/\/www.redhat.com\/legal\/patent_policy.html; Accessed August 2009. Red Hat Inc. 2009. Statement of Position and Our Promise on Software Patents Available at http:\/\/www.redhat.com\/legal\/patent_policy.html; Accessed August 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","unstructured":"Modine A. 2009. Red Hat patent app sparks open source lockdown fears 'Defensive' patent or IP minefield? The Register; http:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2009\/03\/16\/red_hat_patent_app_dynamic_routing\/; Accessed August 2009. Modine A. 2009. Red Hat patent app sparks open source lockdown fears 'Defensive' patent or IP minefield? The Register; http:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2009\/03\/16\/red_hat_patent_app_dynamic_routing\/; Accessed August 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-2373(98)00010-3"}],"event":{"name":"SAICSIT '09: 2009 Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists","location":"Vanderbijlpark Emfuleni South Africa","acronym":"SAICSIT '09"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1632149.1632165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1632149.1632165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:23:11Z","timestamp":1750249391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1632149.1632165"}},"subtitle":["a Red Hat and IBM case study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1632149.1632165","10.1145\/1632149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1632149.1632165","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-10-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}