{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:52:20Z","timestamp":1777477940430,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            This article presents a new motion model\n            <jats:italic>deformable motion models<\/jats:italic>\n            for human motion modeling and synthesis. Our key idea is to apply statistical analysis techniques to a set of precaptured human motion data and construct a low-dimensional deformable motion model of the form x =\n            <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n            (\u03b1, \u03b3), where the deformable parameters \u03b1 and \u03b3 control the motion's geometric and timing variations, respectively. To generate a desired animation, we continuously adjust the deformable parameters' values to match various forms of user-specified constraints. Mathematically, we formulate the constraint-based motion synthesis problem in a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) framework by estimating the most likely deformable parameters from the user's input. We demonstrate the power and flexibility of our approach by exploring two interactive and easy-to-use interfaces for human motion generation: direct manipulation interfaces and sketching interfaces.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1640443.1640452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T12:55:54Z","timestamp":1260881754000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Interactive generation of human animation with deformable motion models"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jianyuan","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxiang","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Neural Network for Pattern Recognition","author":"Bishop C.","unstructured":"Bishop , C. 1996. Neural Network for Pattern Recognition . Cambridge University Press . Bishop, C. 1996. Neural Network for Pattern Recognition. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344865"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catmull E. and Rom R. 1974. A class of local interpolating splines. In Computer Aided Geometric Design Academic Press.  Catmull E. and Rom R. 1974. A class of local interpolating splines. In Computer Aided Geometric Design Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-079050-0.50020-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073248"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015755"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2006.00965.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"820","article-title":"Bayesian reconstruction of 3D human motion from single-camera video","volume":"12","author":"Howe N.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Howe , N. , Leventon , M. , and Freeman , W 1999 . Bayesian reconstruction of 3D human motion from single-camera video . Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 12 , 820 -- 826 . Howe, N., Leventon, M., and Freeman, W 1999. Bayesian reconstruction of 3D human motion from single-camera video. Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 12, 820--826.","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH\/EUROGRAPHICS Symposium on Computer Animation. 214--224","author":"Kovar L.","unstructured":"Kovar , L. and Gleicher , M . 2003. Registration curves . In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH\/EUROGRAPHICS Symposium on Computer Animation. 214--224 . Kovar, L. and Gleicher, M. 2003. Registration curves. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH\/EUROGRAPHICS Symposium on Computer Animation. 214--224."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015760"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073368.1073373"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566607"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Levmar: Nonlinear least squares algorithms in C\/C++","author":"Lourakis M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lourakis , M. 2009 . Levmar: Nonlinear least squares algorithms in C\/C++ . http:\/\/www.ics.forth.gr\/lourakis\/levmar\/. Lourakis, M. 2009. Levmar: Nonlinear least squares algorithms in C\/C++. http:\/\/www.ics.forth.gr\/lourakis\/levmar\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/822088.823423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1981.tb00272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"894","article-title":"Learning and tracking cyclic human motion","volume":"13","author":"Ormoneit D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ormoneit , D. , Sidenbladh , H. , Black , M. , and Hastie , T. 2001 . Learning and tracking cyclic human motion . Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 13 , 894 -- 900 . Ormoneit, D., Sidenbladh, H., Black, M., and Hastie, T. 2001. Learning and tracking cyclic human motion. Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 13, 894--900.","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"981","article-title":"Learning switching linear models of human motion","volume":"12","author":"Pavlovi\u0107 V.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pavlovi\u0107 , V. , Rehg , J. M. , and MacCormick , J. 2000 . Learning switching linear models of human motion . Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 12 , 981 -- 987 . Pavlovi\u0107, V., Rehg, J. M., and MacCormick, J. 2000. Learning switching linear models of human motion. Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 12, 981--987.","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.708559"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409060.1409067"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. 784--800","author":"Sidenbladh H.","unstructured":"Sidenbladh , H. , Black , M. J. , and Sigal , L . 2002. Implicit probabilistic models of human motion for synthesis and tracking . In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. 784--800 . Sidenbladh, H., Black, M. J., and Sigal, L. 2002. Implicit probabilistic models of human motion for synthesis and tracking. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. 784--800."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276386"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/54852.378507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276509"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1640443.1640452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1640443.1640452","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T12:23:26Z","timestamp":1750249406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1640443.1640452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1640443.1640452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1640443.1640452","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-12-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}