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Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional tele-immersive (3DTI) environments have great potential to promote collaborative work among geographically distributed users. However, most existing 3DTI systems only work with two sites due to the huge demand of resources and the lack of a simple yet powerful networking model to handle connectivity, scalability, and quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this article, we explore the design space from the angle of multi-stream management to enable multi-party 3DTI communication. Multiple correlated 3D video streams are employed to provide a comprehensive representation of the physical scene in each 3DTI environment, and are rendered together to establish a common cyberspace among all participating 3DTI environments. The existence of multi-stream correlation provides the unique opportunity for new approaches in QoS provisioning. Previous work mostly concentrated on compression and adaptation techniques on the per-stream basis while ignoring the application layer semantics and the coordination required among streams. We propose an innovative and generalized\n                    <jats:italic>ViewCast<\/jats:italic>\n                    model to coordinate the multi-stream content dissemination over an overlay network. ViewCast leverages view semantics in 3D free-viewpoint video systems to fill the gap between high-level user interest and low-level stream management. In ViewCast, only the view information is specified by the user\/application, while the underlying control dynamically performs stream differentiation, selection, coordination, and dissemination. We present the details of ViewCast and evaluate it through both simulation and 3DTI sessions among tele-immersive environments residing in different institutes across the Internet2. Our experimental results demonstrate the implementation feasibility and performance enhancement of ViewCast in supporting multi-party 3DTI collaboration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1671962.1671963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,19]],"date-time":"2010-03-19T15:22:47Z","timestamp":1269012167000},"page":"1-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Enabling multi-party 3D tele-immersive environments with\n                    <i>ViewCast<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL"}]},{"given":"Wanmin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Nahrstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL"}]},{"given":"Gregorij","family":"Kurillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Berkeley, CA"}]},{"given":"Ruzena","family":"Bajcsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Berkeley, CA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"3DAV Report. 2003. Report on 3dav exploration. International Organisation for Standardisation ISO\/IEC JTC1\/SC29\/WG11 N5878.  3DAV Report. 2003. Report on 3dav exploration. International Organisation for Standardisation ISO\/IEC JTC1\/SC29\/WG11 N5878."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1062253.1062258"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964725.633045"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/49.564136"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/945445.945474"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/500141.500147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/339331.339337"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/776322.776348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniilidis K. Mulligan J. McKendall R. Schmid D. Kamberova G. and Bajcsy R. 2000. Real-time 3d-teleimmersion. In Confluence of Computer Vision and Computer Graphics Kluwer Academic Publishers Norwell MA 253--265.   Daniilidis K. Mulligan J. McKendall R. Schmid D. Kamberova G. and Bajcsy R. 2000. Real-time 3d-teleimmersion. In Confluence of Computer Vision and Computer Graphics Kluwer Academic Publishers Norwell MA 253--265.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-4321-9_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems (DMS). 137--143","author":"Gharai L.","unstructured":"Gharai , L. , Perkins , C. , Riley , C. , and Mankin , A . 2002. Large scale video conferencing: A digital amphitheater . In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems (DMS). 137--143 . Gharai, L., Perkins, C., Riley, C., and Mankin, A. 2002. Large scale video conferencing: A digital amphitheater. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems (DMS). 137--143."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/210079.210088"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882350"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/957013.957119"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Symposium on Operating System Design &amp; Implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association","author":"Jannotti J.","unstructured":"Jannotti , J. , Gifford , D. K. , Johnson , K. L. , Kaashoek , M. F. , and James W . O'Toole, J. 2000. Overcast: reliable multicasting with on overlay network . In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Symposium on Operating System Design &amp; Implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association , Berkeley, CA, 197--212. Jannotti, J., Gifford, D. K., Johnson, K. L., Kaashoek, M. F., and James W. O'Toole, J. 2000. Overcast: reliable multicasting with on overlay network. In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Symposium on Operating System Design &amp; Implementation (OSDI). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, 197--212."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/571878.571895"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Stereo and Multi-Baseline Vision (SMBV). 10--17","author":"Mulligan J.","unstructured":"Mulligan , J. , Isler , V. , and Daniilidis , K . 2001. Trinocular stereo: a real-time algorithm and its evaluation . In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Stereo and Multi-Baseline Vision (SMBV). 10--17 . Mulligan, J., Isler, V., and Daniilidis, K. 2001. Trinocular stereo: a real-time algorithm and its evaluation. 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