{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:06:21Z","timestamp":1778256381091,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we describe a new approach that gives an explicit probabilistic interpretation for social networks. In particular, we focus on the observation that many existing Web-based trust-inference algorithms conflate the notions of \u201ctrust\u201d and \u201cconfidence,\u201d and treat the amalgamation of the two concepts to compute the trust value associated with a social relationship. Unfortunately, the result of such an algorithm that merges trust and confidence is not a trust value, but rather a new variable in the inference process. Thus, it is hard to evaluate the outputs of such an algorithm in the context of trust inference.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>This article first describes a formal probabilistic network model for social networks that allows us to address that issue. Then we describe SUNNY, a new trust inference algorithm that uses probabilistic sampling to separately estimate trust information and our confidence in the trust estimate and use the two values in order to compute an estimate of trust based on only those information sources with the highest confidence estimates.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We present an experimental evaluation of SUNNY. In our experiments, SUNNY produced more accurate trust estimates than the well-known trust inference algorithm TidalTrust, demonstrating its effectiveness. Finally, we discuss the implications these results will have on systems designed for personalizing content and making recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1754393.1754397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]],"date-time":"2010-06-02T19:40:21Z","timestamp":1275507621000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Using probabilistic confidence models for trust inference in Web-based social networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ugur","family":"Kuter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Golbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"AFI. 2007. 100 years 100 Movies. http:\/\/www.afi.com\/tvevents\/100years\/movies.aspx.  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In Uncertainty and Artificial Intelligence II. Elsevier North Holland . Henrion, M. 1988. Propagating uncertainty in Bayesian networks by probabilistic logic sampling. In Uncertainty and Artificial Intelligence II. Elsevier North Holland."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/775152.775242"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Systems for Coalition Operations (KSCO'04)","author":"Kuter U.","unstructured":"Kuter , U. , Nau , D. , Gossink , D. , and Lemmer , J. F . 2004. Interactive course-of-action planning using causal models . In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Systems for Coalition Operations (KSCO'04) . Kuter, U., Nau, D., Gossink, D., and Lemmer, J. F. 2004. Interactive course-of-action planning using causal models. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Systems for Coalition Operations (KSCO'04)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence.","author":"Kuter U.","unstructured":"Kuter , U. , and Golbeck , J . 2007. SUNNY: A new algorithm for trust inference in social networks using probabilistic confidence models . In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Kuter, U., and Golbeck, J. 2007. SUNNY: A new algorithm for trust inference in social networks using probabilistic confidence models. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2004.834424"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Security Symposium.","author":"Levin R.","unstructured":"Levin , R. and Aiken , A . 1998. Attack resistant trust metrics for public key certification . In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Security Symposium. Levin, R. and Aiken, A. 1998. Attack resistant trust metrics for public key certification. In Proceedings of the 7th USENIX Security Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Semantic Web Conference.","author":"Matthew R.","unstructured":"Matthew , R. , Agrawal , R. , and Domingos , P . 2003. Trust management for the semantic web . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Semantic Web Conference. Matthew, R., Agrawal, R., and Domingos, P. 2003. Trust management for the semantic web. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Semantic Web Conference."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"Page L. Brin S. Motwani R. and Winograd T. 1998. The pagerank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web. Tech. rep. Stanford Digital Library Technologies Project.  Page L. Brin S. Motwani R. and Winograd T. 1998. The pagerank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web. Tech. rep. Stanford Digital Library Technologies Project."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann, San Fransisco, CA","author":"Pearl J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pearl , J. 1988 . Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann, San Fransisco, CA ., Chapters 2 - 3 . Pearl, J. 1988. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann, San Fransisco, CA., Chapters 2-3.","journal-title":"Chapters"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Russell S. and Norvig P. 2003. Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach 2nd Ed. Prentice-Hall Upper Saddle River NJ.   Russell S. and Norvig P. 2003. Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach 2nd Ed. Prentice-Hall Upper Saddle River NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of the IEEE\/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence. IEEE Computer Society, 372","author":"Wang Y.","unstructured":"Wang , Y. and Vasilleva , J . 2003. Bayesian network-based trust model . In Proceeding of the IEEE\/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence. IEEE Computer Society, 372 . Wang, Y. and Vasilleva, J. 2003. Bayesian network-based trust model. In Proceeding of the IEEE\/WIC International Conference on Web Intelligence. IEEE Computer Society, 372."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trust Management.","author":"Ziegler C.-N.","unstructured":"Ziegler , C.-N. and Lausen , G . 2004. Analyzing correlation between trust and user similarity in online communities . In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trust Management. Ziegler, C.-N. and Lausen, G. 2004. Analyzing correlation between trust and user similarity in online communities. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trust Management."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Internet Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1754393.1754397","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1754393.1754397","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T11:22:50Z","timestamp":1750245770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1754393.1754397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1754393.1754397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1754393.1754397","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1533-5399","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-6051","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-06-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}