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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The wide availability and popularity of text-based communication channels encourage the usage of ASCII art in representing images. Existing tone-based ASCII art generation methods lead to halftone-like results and require high text resolution for display, as higher text resolution offers more tone variety. This paper presents a novel method to generate\n            <jats:italic>structure-based<\/jats:italic>\n            ASCII art that is currently mostly created by hand. It approximates the major line structure of the reference image content with the shape of characters. Representing the unlimited image content with the extremely limited shapes and restrictive placement of characters makes this problem challenging. Most existing shape similarity metrics either fail to address the misalignment in real-world scenarios, or are unable to account for the differences in position, orientation and scaling. Our key contribution is a novel\n            <jats:italic>alignment-insensitive shape similarity (AISS) metric<\/jats:italic>\n            that tolerates misalignment of shapes while accounting for the differences in position, orientation and scaling. Together with the constrained deformation approach, we formulate the ASCII art generation as an optimization that minimizes\n            <jats:italic>shape dissimilarity<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>deformation<\/jats:italic>\n            . Convincing results and user study are shown to demonstrate its effectiveness.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T12:48:46Z","timestamp":1279198126000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Structure-based ASCII art"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xuemiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien-Tsin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.75509"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Au D. 1995. 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ASCII graphics techniques v1.0. http:\/\/www.ludd.luth.se\/~vk\/pics\/ascii\/junkyard\/techstuff\/tutori als\/Rowan_Crawford.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"Davis I. E. 1986. theDraw. TheSoft Programming Services.  Davis I. E. 1986. theDraw. TheSoft Programming Services."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"DeFusco R. 2007. MosASCII. freeware.  DeFusco R. 2007. MosASCII. freeware."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"Floyd R. W. and Steinberg L. 1974. An adaptive algorithm for spatial grey scale. In SID Int. Sym. Digest Tech. Papers 36--37.  Floyd R. W. and Steinberg L. 1974. An adaptive algorithm for spatial grey scale. In SID Int. Sym. Digest Tech. Papers 36--37."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1274871.1274873"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"Gebhard M. 2009. JavE. freeware.  Gebhard M. 2009. JavE. freeware."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.364957"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1274871.1274878"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"Klose L. A. and McIntosh F. 2000. Pictexter. AxiomX.  Klose L. A. and McIntosh F. 2000. Pictexter. AxiomX."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-189X(89)80007-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192161.192244"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Signals and Systems Conference 2008 (ISSC","author":"O'Grady P. 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