{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:50:07Z","timestamp":1777603807312,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]],"date-time":"2010-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Manifold bootstrapping is a new method for data-driven modeling of real-world, spatially-varying reflectance, based on the idea that reflectance over a given material sample forms a low-dimensional manifold. It provides a high-resolution result in both the spatial and angular domains by decomposing reflectance measurement into two lower-dimensional phases. The first acquires\n            <jats:italic>representatives<\/jats:italic>\n            of high angular dimension but sampled sparsely over the surface, while the second acquires\n            <jats:italic>keys<\/jats:italic>\n            of low angular dimension but sampled densely over the surface.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            We develop a hand-held, high-speed BRDF capturing device for phase one measurements. A condenser-based optical setup collects a dense hemisphere of rays emanating from a single point on the target sample as it is manually scanned over it, yielding 10 BRDF point measurements per second. Lighting directions from 6 LEDs are applied at each measurement; these are amplified to a full 4D BRDF using the general (NDF-tabulated) microfacet model. The second phase captures\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            =20-200 images of the entire sample from a fixed view and lit by a varying area source. We show that the resulting\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -dimensional keys capture much of the distance information in the original BRDF space, so that they effectively discriminate among representatives, though they lack sufficient angular detail to reconstruct the SVBRDF by themselves. At each surface position, a local linear combination of a small number of neighboring representatives is computed to match each key, yielding a high-resolution SVBRDF. A quick capture session (10-20 minutes) on simple devices yields results showing sharp and anisotropic specularity and rich spatial detail.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T12:48:46Z","timestamp":1279198126000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Manifold bootstrapping for SVBRDF capture"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia and Tsinghua University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanxiang","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia and Tsinghua University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Ben-Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baining","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research Asia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alldrin N. Zickler T. E. and Kriegman D. 2008. Photometric stereo with non-parametric and spatially-varying reflectance. In CVPR 1--8.  Alldrin N. Zickler T. E. and Kriegman D. 2008. Photometric stereo with non-parametric and spatially-varying reflectance. In CVPR 1--8.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587656"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344814"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/357290.357293"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/300776.300778"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2001.937661"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258884"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344855"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"Debevec P. Tchou C. Gardner A. Hawkins T. Poullis C. Stumpfel J. Jones A. Yun N. Einarsson P. Lundgren T. Fajardo M. and Martinez P. 2004. 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Technical report ICT-TR-06 University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies Graphics Laboratory."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882342"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2383894.2383926"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882341"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141949"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/636886.636891"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.37.005974"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2383815.2383829"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/882262.882343"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"EGRW '03: Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville","author":"Matusik W.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matusik , W. , Pfister , H. , Brand , M. , and McMillan , L. 2003 . Efficient isotropic BRDF measurement . In EGRW '03: Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville , Switzerland, Switzerland, 241--247. Matusik, W., Pfister, H., Brand, M., and McMillan, L. 2003. Efficient isotropic BRDF measurement. In EGRW '03: Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Eurographics Association, Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, 241--247."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Workshop on Graphics Hardware (EGGH-02)","author":"McAllister D. K.","unstructured":"McAllister , D. K. , Lastra , A. A. , and Heidrich , W . 2002. Efficient rendering of spatial bi-directional reflectance distribution functions . In Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Workshop on Graphics Hardware (EGGH-02) , ACM Press, New York, S. N. Spencer, Ed., 79--88. McAllister, D. K., Lastra, A. A., and Heidrich, W. 2002. Efficient rendering of spatial bi-directional reflectance distribution functions. In Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics\/SIGGRAPH Workshop on Graphics Hardware (EGGH-02), ACM Press, New York, S. N. Spencer, Ed., 79--88."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on, 1--8.","author":"Moshe B.-E.","unstructured":"Moshe , B.-E. , Wang , J. , Bennett , W. , Li , X. , and Ma , L . 2008. An LED-only BRDF measurement device . In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on, 1--8. Moshe, B.-E., Wang, J., Bennett, W., Li, X., and Ma, L. 2008. An LED-only BRDF measurement device. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on, 1--8."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"CGC 2nd Annual Fall Workshop on Computational Geometry.","author":"Mount D.","unstructured":"Mount , D. , and Arya , S . 1997. Ann: A library for approximate nearest neighbor searching . In CGC 2nd Annual Fall Workshop on Computational Geometry. Mount, D., and Arya, S. 1997. Ann: A library for approximate nearest neighbor searching. In CGC 2nd Annual Fall Workshop on Computational Geometry."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1775728.1775759"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2005.00830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","volume-title":"Eurographics Symposium on Rendering","author":"Ngan A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ngan , A. , Durand , F. , and Matusik , W . 2005. Experimental analysis of BRDF models . Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 2005 , 117C226. Ngan, A., Durand, F., and Matusik, W. 2005. Experimental analysis of BRDF models. Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 2005, 117C226."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicodemus F. E. Richmond J. C. Hsia J. J. Ginsberg I. W. and Limperis T. 1977. Geometric considerations and nomenclature for reflectance. 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