{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:30:15Z","timestamp":1750307415808,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000144","name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-0509162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-0509162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Advances in microprocessors, memory, and radio technology have enabled the emergence of embedded systems that rely on communication systems to exchange information and coordinate their activities in spatially distributed applications. However, developing embedded communication systems that satisfy specific application requirements is a challenge due to the many tradeoffs imposed by different choices of underlying protocols and their parameters. Furthermore, evaluating the correctness and performance of the design and implementation before deploying it is a nontrivial task due to the complexity of the resulting system. This article presents the design and implementation of RaPTEX, a rapid prototyping tool for embedded communication systems, especially well suited for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), consisting of three major subsystems: a toolbox, an analytical performance estimation framework, and an emulation environment. We use a hierarchical approach in the design of the toolbox to facilitate the composition of the network stack. For fast exploration of the tradeoff space at design time, we build an analytical performance estimation model for energy consumption, delay, and throughput. For realistic performance evaluation, we design and implement a hybrid, accurate, yet scalable, emulation environment. Through three use cases, we study the tradeoff space for different protocols and topologies, and highlight the benefits of using RaPTEX for designing and evaluating embedded communication systems for WSNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/1806895.1806902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]],"date-time":"2010-08-17T12:19:29Z","timestamp":1282047569000},"page":"1-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["RaPTEX"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jun Bum","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beakcheol","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suyoung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihail L.","family":"Sichitiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/984622.984675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"MANTIS OS: MultimodAl NeTworks of In-situ Sensors","author":"Bhatti S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bhatti , S. , Carlson , J. , Dai , H. , Deng , J. , Rose , J. , Sheth , A. , Shucker , B. , Gruenwald , C. , Torgerson , A. , and Han , R . 2005 . MANTIS OS: MultimodAl NeTworks of In-situ Sensors . http:\/\/mantis.cs.colorado.edu\/index.php\/tiki-index.php. Bhatti, S., Carlson, J., Dai, H., Deng, J., Rose, J., Sheth, A., Shucker, B., Gruenwald, C., Torgerson, A., and Han, R. 2005. MANTIS OS: MultimodAl NeTworks of In-situ Sensors. http:\/\/mantis.cs.colorado.edu\/index.php\/tiki-index.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1182807.1182838"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Buonadonna P. 2003. tinyos-1.x\/lib\/route. http:\/\/tinyos.cvs.sourceforge.net\/viewvc\/tinyos\/tinyos-1.x\/tos\/lib\/Route.  Buonadonna P. 2003. tinyos-1.x\/lib\/route. http:\/\/tinyos.cvs.sourceforge.net\/viewvc\/tinyos\/tinyos-1.x\/tos\/lib\/Route."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1098918.1098967"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of INFOCOM.","author":"Chiasserini C. F.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Chiasserini , C. F. and Garetto , M . 2004. Modeling the performance of wireless sensor networks . In Proceedings of INFOCOM. Chiasserini, C. F. and Garetto, M. 2004. Modeling the performance of wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of INFOCOM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Dulman S. Kaya O. S. and Koprinkov G. 2005. NesCT. http:\/\/nesct.sourceforge.net.  Dulman S. Kaya O. S. and Koprinkov G. 2005. NesCT. http:\/\/nesct.sourceforge.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1236360.1236385"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"George Karypis K. S. and Kumar V. 2003. ParMETIS: Parallel graph partitioning and sparse matrix ordering library. Tech. rep. University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN.  George Karypis K. S. and Kumar V. 2003. ParMETIS: Parallel graph partitioning and sparse matrix ordering library. Tech. rep. University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Hendrickson B. and Leland R. 1995. The Chaco User's Guide 2.0. Tech. rep. SAND95-2344. Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM.  Hendrickson B. and Leland R. 1995. The Chaco User's Guide 2.0. Tech. rep. SAND95-2344. Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM."},{"volume-title":"Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling","author":"Jain R.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Jain , R. 1991. The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design , Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling . Wiley-Interscience , New York, NY . Jain, R. 1991. The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS.2006.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/958491.958506"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/872757.872817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11669463_22"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of SECON.","author":"Mozumdar M. M. R.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Mozumdar , M. M. R. , Gregoretti , F. , Lavagno , L. , Vanzago , L. , and Olivieri , S . 2008. A framework for modeling, simulation and automatic code generation of sensor network applications . In Proceedings of SECON. Mozumdar, M. M. R., Gregoretti, F., Lavagno, L., Vanzago, L., and Olivieri, S. 2008. A framework for modeling, simulation and automatic code generation of sensor network applications. In Proceedings of SECON."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"NICTA. 2009. Castalia. http:\/\/castalia.npc.nicta.com.au\/.  NICTA. 2009. Castalia. http:\/\/castalia.npc.nicta.com.au\/."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of PLDI.","author":"Park S.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Park , S. , Savvides , A. , and Srivastava , M. B . 2003. SensorSim: A simulation framework for sensor networks . In Proceedings of PLDI. Park, S., Savvides, A., and Srivastava, M. B. 2003. SensorSim: A simulation framework for sensor networks. In Proceedings of PLDI."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1410107.1410127"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1739025.1739039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031508"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of SECON.","author":"Polley J.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","unstructured":"Polley , J. , Blazakis , D. , McGee , J. , Rusk , D. , and Baras , J. S . 2004. ATEMU: A fine-grained sensor network simulator . In Proceedings of SECON. Polley, J., Blazakis, D., McGee, J., Rusk, D., and Baras, J. S. 2004. ATEMU: A fine-grained sensor network simulator. In Proceedings of SECON."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Rice University. 1999. Wireless and Mobility Extensions to ns-2. http:\/\/www.monarch.cs.rice.edu\/.  Rice University. 1999. Wireless and Mobility Extensions to ns-2. http:\/\/www.monarch.cs.rice.edu\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Sallai J. Balogh G. and Dora S. 2005. TinyDT: TinyOS plug-in for the eclipse platform. http:\/\/tinydt.sourceforge.net.  Sallai J. Balogh G. and Dora S. 2005. TinyDT: TinyOS plug-in for the eclipse platform. http:\/\/tinydt.sourceforge.net."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1031495.1031518"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ANSS.2005.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"The MathWorks Inc. 1994. MATLAB and Simulink for technical computing. http:\/\/www.mathworks.com.  The MathWorks Inc. 1994. MATLAB and Simulink for technical computing. http:\/\/www.mathworks.com."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IPSN.","author":"Titzer B. L.","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Titzer , B. L. , Lee , D. K. , and Palsberg , J . 2005. Avrora: Scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing . In Proceedings of IPSN. Titzer, B. L., Lee, D. K., and Palsberg, J. 2005. Avrora: Scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing. In Proceedings of IPSN."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/958491.958512"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of ESM.","author":"Varga A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Varga , A. 2001 . The OMNeT++ discrete event simulation system . In Proceedings of ESM. Varga, A. 2001. The OMNeT++ discrete event simulation system. In Proceedings of ESM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Varga A. 2007. Jsimplemodule. http:\/\/www.omnetpp.org\/pmwiki\/index.php?n=Main.JSimpleModule.  Varga A. 2007. Jsimplemodule. http:\/\/www.omnetpp.org\/pmwiki\/index.php?n=Main.JSimpleModule."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IPSN.","author":"Varshney M.","key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Varshney , M. , Xu , D. , Srivastava , M. , and Bagrodia , R . 2007. sQualNet: An accurate and scalable evaluation framework for sensor networks . In Proceedings of IPSN. Varshney, M., Xu, D., Srivastava, M., and Bagrodia, R. 2007. sQualNet: An accurate and scalable evaluation framework for sensor networks. In Proceedings of IPSN."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th Euromicro Conference, Component-Based Software Engineering Track.","author":"Volgyesi P.","key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Volgyesi , P. and Ledeczi , A . 2002. Component-based development of networked embedded applications . In Proceedings of the 28th Euromicro Conference, Component-Based Software Engineering Track. Volgyesi, P. and Ledeczi, A. 2002. Component-based development of networked embedded applications. In Proceedings of the 28th Euromicro Conference, Component-Based Software Engineering Track."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"JOSTLE: Parallel multilevel graph-partitioning software\u2014an overview. In Mesh Partitioning Techniques and Domain Decomposition Techniques. Civil-Comp","author":"Walshaw C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walshaw , C. and Cross , M . 2007 . JOSTLE: Parallel multilevel graph-partitioning software\u2014an overview. In Mesh Partitioning Techniques and Domain Decomposition Techniques. Civil-Comp . Ltd ., Kuppen Stirling, U.K. Walshaw, C. and Cross, M. 2007. JOSTLE: Parallel multilevel graph-partitioning software\u2014an overview. In Mesh Partitioning Techniques and Domain Decomposition Techniques. Civil-Comp. Ltd., Kuppen Stirling, U.K."},{"volume-title":"The Computer for the 21st Century. Sci. Amer. Sept., 94--100","author":"Weiser M.","key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Weiser , M. 1991. The Computer for the 21st Century. Sci. Amer. Sept., 94--100 . Weiser, M. 1991. The Computer for the 21st Century. Sci. Amer. Sept., 94--100."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/958491.958494"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2004.828953"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1182807.1182839"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1806895.1806902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/1806895.1806902","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T11:39:37Z","timestamp":1750246777000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/1806895.1806902"}},"subtitle":["Rapid prototyping tool for embedded communication systems"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/1806895.1806902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1806895.1806902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1550-4859"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-4867"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-12-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-08-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}